Abstract A sensitivity analysis of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model with the Advanced Research WRF (ARW) dynamical solver for wind simulation at 10 m above ground level was conducted through different initial and boundary conditions datasets, and various planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes throughout the year 2017 over the Persian Gulf region. Owing to the wide variety of approaches and development periods of analysis and reanalysis data (e.g. assimilation system) as well as different methods for PBL parameterization (closure formulations), this paper aims to obtain an efficient set up of the WRF model configuration in terms of the lowest error in simulating surface wind. Three datasets including ERA-Interim reanalysis, NCEP-R2 reanalysis, and NCEP-FNL analysis as initial and boundary conditions to the model and six PBL schemes including ACM2, BouLac, MYJ, MYNN, QNSE, and YSU accompanied by their relevant surface-layer schemes were used to accomplish this goal. Available observational wind data including 23 synoptic weather stations located in the region were used to compare the model wind simulation. Comparing WRF wind simulations with observations at synoptic weather stations indicates that; irrespective of the type of PBL scheme, ERA-Interim, and NCEP-FNL datasets exhibit better performance than the NCEP-R2. In addition, in the case of considering PBL schemes, results show that the configuration including the YSU scheme and ERA-Interim reanalysis data leads to the best estimation of wind speed and configuration including YSU and NCEP-FNL data produces the least error for wind direction. The performance of the model in summer shows higher errors compared to the winter season. It is due to the obvious differences between initial and boundary conditions data with observation data. The success of the YSU scheme in comparison with other schemes is rooted in the nonlocal closure of this scheme, which includes local gradients correction and entrainment sentences.

中文翻译：

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波斯湾上空 WRF 模拟的 10 m 风对不同边界条件和 PBL 参数化方案的敏感性

摘要 通过不同的初始和边界条件数据集，以及各种行星边界层，使用 Advanced Research WRF (ARW) 动力学求解器对天气研究和预报 (WRF) 中尺度模型进行了对地平面 10 m 风模拟的敏感性分析。 PBL) 计划于 2017 年全年在波斯湾地区实施。由于分析和再分析数据（例如同化系统）的多种方法和开发周期以及 PBL 参数化（闭合公式）的不同方法，本文旨在从以下方面获得有效的 WRF 模型配置设置模拟表面风的最低误差。三个数据集，包括 ERA-Interim 再分析、NCEP-R2 再分析、NCEP-FNL 分析作为模型的初始和边界条件，包括 ACM2、BouLac、MYJ、MYNN、QNSE 和 YSU 在内的六种 PBL 方案及其相关的表面层方案用于实现这一目标。包括位于该地区的 23 个天气气象站在内的现有观测风数据用于比较模型风模拟。将 WRF 风模拟与天气气象站的观测结果进行比较表明：无论 PBL 方案的类型如何，ERA-Interim 和 NCEP-FNL 数据集都表现出比 NCEP-R2 更好的性能。另外，在考虑PBL方案的情况下，结果表明，包括 YSU 方案和 ERA-Interim 再分析数据的配置导致风速的最佳估计，包括 YSU 和 NCEP-FNL 数据的配置产生的风向误差最小。与冬季相比，该模型在夏季的表现显示出更高的误差。这是由于初始和边界条件数据与观测数据之间存在明显差异。YSU 方案与其他方案相比的成功根源在于该方案的非局部闭包，其中包括局部梯度校正和夹带语句。