Ambient air pollution kills over four million people every year globally. Improving air quality presents a complex problem for governments as emissions are produced from a wide range of sources and tend to cross boundaries. To understand the challenge of transboundary air pollution transfer, we use a detailed emissions inventory and a source-oriented chemical transport model to explore state-to-state flows of emissions within the world's largest democracy, India, where poor air quality has caused a public health crisis. On average, 46% of population-weighted air pollution exposure originates from another state. Of the major sources, energy (75%) and industry (53%) see most of their emissions travel to another state. All sectors have 39% or more of their emissions travel across state boundaries. India's current policy framework is not equipped to deal with these problems, as it does not centralize the formulation and enforcement of relevant policies sufficiently. To solve the problem of air pollution, India needs a more centralized form of environmental federalism.

全球每年环境空气污染造成超过400万人死亡。空气质量的提高给政府带来了一个复杂的问题，因为排放物的来源广泛，而且往往跨越国界。为了了解跨界空气污染转移的挑战，我们使用了详细的排放清单和面向源的化学物质运输模型，以探索世界上最大的民主国家印度的州际排放流量，那里空气质量差导致公众健康危机。平均而言，人口加权空气污染暴露的46％来自另一个州。在主要能源中，能源（75％）和工业（53％）的大部分排放物流向了另一个州。所有部门的排放量中有39％或更多跨越国家边界。印度' 当前的政策框架没有能力解决这些问题，因为它没有足够集中地集中制定和执行相关政策。为了解决空气污染问题，印度需要更加集中的形式的环境联邦制。