Warmer weather caused by climate change poses increasingly serious threats to the persistence of many species, but animals can modify behavior to mitigate at least some of the threats posed by warmer temperatures. Identifying and characterizing how animals modify behavior to avoid the negative consequences of acute heat will be crucial for understanding how animals will respond to warmer temperatures in the future. We studied the extent to which moose (Alces alces), a species known to be sensitive to heat, mitigates heat on hot summer days via multiple different behaviors: (1) reduced movement, (2) increased visitation to shade, (3) increased visitation to water, or (4) a combination of these behaviors. We used GPS telemetry and a step-selection function to analyze movement and habitat selection by moose in northeastern Minnesota, USA. Moose reduced movement, used areas of the landscape with more shade, and traveled nearer to mixed forests and bogs during periods of heat. Moose used shade far more than water to ameliorate heat, and the most pronounced changes in behavior occurred between 15 and 20 °C. Research characterizing the behaviors animals use to facilitate thermoregulation will aid conservation of heat-sensitive species in a warming world. The modeling framework presented in this study is a promising method for evaluating the influence of temperature on movement and habitat selection.

中文翻译：

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温度影响热敏有蹄类动物的运动和栖息地选择

气候变化引起的天气变暖对许多物种的生存构成越来越严重的威胁，但动物可以改变行为以至少减轻温度升高带来的一些威胁。识别和描述动物如何改变行为以避免急性高温的负面影响对于了解动物未来将如何应对温暖的温度至关重要。我们研究了已知对热敏感的驼鹿 (Alces alces) 通过多种不同行为在炎热的夏季减轻热量的程度：(1) 减少运动，(2) 增加对阴凉处的访问，(3) 增加访问水，或 (4) 这些行为的组合。我们使用 GPS 遥测和步进选择功能来分析美国明尼苏达州东北部驼鹿的运动和栖息地选择。驼鹿减少了移动，使用了更多阴凉处的景观区域，并在炎热时期更靠近混合森林和沼泽。驼鹿使用阴凉处的方式远多于水来散热，最显着的行为变化发生在 15 至 20 °C 之间。表征动物用于促进体温调节的行为的研究将有助于在变暖的世界中保护热敏感物种。本研究中提出的建模框架是评估温度对运动和栖息地选择的影响的一种很有前途的方法。表征动物用于促进体温调节的行为的研究将有助于在变暖的世界中保护热敏感物种。本研究中提出的建模框架是评估温度对运动和栖息地选择的影响的一种很有前途的方法。表征动物用于促进体温调节的行为的研究将有助于在变暖的世界中保护热敏感物种。本研究中提出的建模框架是评估温度对运动和栖息地选择的影响的一种很有前途的方法。