The use of stone materials in cultural heritage and architecture represents a practice that has its roots in ancient times. Stone buildings, depending on the construction materials and their location in the urban context, are particularly vulnerable to weathering phenomena. These can be often accelerated by changes in environmental conditions linked mostly to the anthropic activities. In this way, the present work is addressed on the minero-petrographic and geochemical characterisation of samples taken from the built historical heritage in Cairo (Egypt), related to seven monumental areas. These sites have been chosen based on their historical importance, type of material, state of preservation and position in the Cairo context. The construction materials used and their degradation products were studied comparing the results obtained by means of different analytical techniques such as polarised light optical microscopy (POM), ion chromatography (IC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the carbonaceous fraction, detected by using the thermogravimetry (TG). The results achieved demonstrated that black crusts and salt crystallisation represent the most common and damaging degradation products affecting all the monumental sites. Moreover, the environmental pollution produced by industrial activities and vehicular traffic has been identified as the main cause of these processes, followed by a marginal contribution of natural sources such as the sea spray. The data collected provide useful information to plan efficient conservation strategies in the future.

中文翻译：

---

定义开罗历史遗产中使用的石材保护状态的方法论方法（埃及）

在文化遗产和建筑中使用石材是一种古老的实践。石材建筑，取决于建筑材料及其在城市环境中的位置，特别容易受到风化现象的影响。通常可以通过主要与人类活动有关的环境条件变化来加速这些活动。这样，本工作就涉及从七个历史遗迹地区开罗（埃及）建成的历史遗产中采集的样品的岩石岩石学和地球化学特征进行了研究。这些遗址是根据其历史重要性，材料类型，保存状态和在开罗地区的位置选择的。对使用的建筑材料及其降解产物进行了比较，比较了通过不同分析技术获得的结果，例如偏振光光学显微镜（POM），离子色谱（IC），傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和碳质组分，使用热重法（TG）进行检测。取得的结果表明，黑壳和盐分结晶是影响所有纪念性遗址的最常见和破坏性的降解产物。此外，工业活动和车辆交通产生的环境污染已被确定为这些过程的主要原因，其次是自然因素如海浪的少量贡献。收集的数据为将来规划有效的保护策略提供了有用的信息。