Home gardens (HGs) are hotspots of in situ agrobiodiversity conservation. We conducted a case study in Tabasco, México, on HG owners’ knowledge of HG ecological, economical and socio-cultural multifunctionality and how it relates to agrobiodiversity as measured by species richness and diversity. The term multifunctionality knowledge refers to owners’ knowledge on how HGs contribute to ecological processes, family economy, as well as human relations and local culture. We hypothesized a positive correlation between owners’ multifunctionality knowledge and their HGs’ agrobiodiversity. We inventoried all perennial species in 20 HGs, determined observed species richness, calculated Shannon diversity indexes and analysed species composition using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Based on literature, semi-structured interviews and a dialogue of knowledge with HG owners, we catalogued the locally recognized functions in the ecological, economic and socio-cultural dimensions. We determined the score of knowledge on each function in the three dimensions on explicit scales based on the interviews and observed management. We determined Spearman rs correlations of HGs’ observed species richness, Shannon diversity index (H) and of HGs’ scores on NMDS-axis and multifunctionality knowledge scores. We dialogued on the results and implications for agrobiodiversity conservation at workshops of HG owners, researchers and local organizations. HG agrobiodiversity and owners’ multifunctionality knowledge in the study area showed large variation. Average richness was 59.6 perennial species, varying from 21 to 107 species, and total observed richness was 280 species. A total of 38 functions was distinguished, with 14, 12 and 12 functions in the ecological, economic and socio-cultural dimensions. Total multifunctionality knowledge scores varied from 64.1 to 106.6, with an average of 87.2. Socio-cultural functionality knowledge scores were the highest, followed by scores in the ecological and economic dimensions. Species richness and Shannon H were significantly correlated with ecological functionality knowledge (rs = 0.68 and P < 0.001 in both cases), and species richness was also correlated with economic functionality knowledge (rs = 0.47, P = 0.03). Species composition scores on the first and second axes of NMDS was significantly correlated with knowledge of ecological multifunctionality, with rs = 0.49 resp-0.49 and P = 0.03 in both cases. Other functionality knowledge scores showed no correlation with NMDS scores. Dialogue in workshops confirmed the interwovenness of multifunctionality knowledge and agrobiodiversity. The rich agrobiodiversity of home gardens cherished by rural families in Tabasco relates with the knowledge about HG functionality in the ecological and economic dimensions. Also, species composition relates with ecological functionality knowledge. The socio-cultural functionality knowledge, which includes many elements beyond the individual HG, is not correlated with agrobiodiversity, but had the highest scores. Our results show that multifunctionality knowledge provides many opportunities for the participative conception and planning of policies and actions necessary to conserve agrobiodiversity.

中文翻译：

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家庭花园的农业生物多样性和所有者对其生态，经济和社会文化多功能性的了解：以墨西哥塔巴斯科州低地为例。

家庭花园（HGs）是就地农业生物多样性保护的热点。我们在墨西哥塔巴斯科州进行了一次案例研究，内容涉及HG所有者对HG生态，经济和社会文化多功能性的了解，以及通过物种丰富度和多样性衡量其与农业生物多样性的关系。多功能知识一词是指所有者关于HG如何促进生态过程，家庭经济以及人际关系和当地文化的知识。我们假设所有者的多功能知识与他们的HGs的农业生物多样性之间存在正相关关系。我们盘点了20个HG中的所有多年生物种，确定了观测物种的丰富度，计算了Shannon多样性指数，并使用非度量多维标度（NMDS）分析了物种组成。根据文献，半结构化访谈以及与HG所有者的知识对话，我们在生态，经济和社会文化维度上对本地认可的功能进行了分类。我们基于访谈和观察到的管理，以明确的量表在三个维度上确定每个功能的知识得分。我们确定了HGs观测到的物种丰富度，香农多样性指数（H）以及HGs在NMDS轴和多功能知识得分上的得分的Spearman rs相关性。在温室气体所有者，研究人员和地方组织的研讨会上，我们就结果和对农业生物多样性保护的意义进行了对话。研究区的HG农业生物多样性和所有者的多功能知识差异很大。多年生平均丰富度为59.6种，从21种到107种，观察到的总丰富度为280种。总共区分了38个功能，其中14个，12个和12个功能在生态，经济和社会文化维度上。多功能知识总评分从64.1到106.6，平均为87.2。社会文化功能性知识得分最高，其次是生态和经济方面的得分。物种丰富度和香农H与生态功能知识显着相关（两种情况下，rs = 0.68和P <0.001），物种丰富度也与经济功能知识相关（rs = 0.47，P = 0.03）。NMDS第一轴和第二轴上的物种组成得分与生态多功能性知识显着相关，两种情况下的rs = 0.49 resp-0.49和P = 0.03。其他功能知识得分显示与NMDS得分没有相关性。研讨会上的对话证实了多功能知识和农业生物多样性的相互交织。塔巴斯科州农村家庭珍惜的家庭花园丰富的农业生物多样性与在生态和经济方面有关HG功能的知识有关。而且，物种组成与生态功能知识有关。社会文化功能性知识包括单个HG以外的许多要素，与农业生物多样性无关，但得分最高。我们的结果表明，多功能知识为参与概念和规划保护农业生物多样性所必需的政策和行动提供了许多机会。研讨会上的对话证实了多功能知识和农业生物多样性的相互交织。塔巴斯科州农村家庭珍惜的家庭花园丰富的农业生物多样性与在生态和经济方面有关HG功能的知识有关。而且，物种组成与生态功能知识有关。社会文化功能性知识包括单个HG以外的许多要素，与农业生物多样性无关，但得分最高。我们的结果表明，多功能知识为参与概念和规划保护农业生物多样性所必需的政策和行动提供了许多机会。研讨会上的对话证实了多功能知识和农业生物多样性的相互交织。塔巴斯科州农村家庭珍惜的家庭花园丰富的农业生物多样性与在生态和经济方面有关HG功能的知识有关。而且，物种组成与生态功能知识有关。社会文化功能性知识包括单个HG以外的许多要素，与农业生物多样性无关，但得分最高。我们的结果表明，多功能知识为参与概念和规划保护农业生物多样性所必需的政策和行动提供了许多机会。塔巴斯科州农村家庭珍惜的家庭花园丰富的农业生物多样性与在生态和经济方面有关HG功能的知识有关。而且，物种组成与生态功能知识有关。社会文化功能性知识包括单个HG以外的许多要素，与农业生物多样性无关，但得分最高。我们的结果表明，多功能知识为参与概念和规划保护农业生物多样性所必需的政策和行动提供了许多机会。塔巴斯科州农村家庭珍惜的家庭花园丰富的农业生物多样性与在生态和经济方面有关HG功能的知识有关。而且，物种组成与生态功能知识有关。社会文化功能性知识包括单个HG以外的许多要素，与农业生物多样性无关，但得分最高。我们的结果表明，多功能知识为参与概念和规划保护农业生物多样性所必需的政策和行动提供了许多机会。其中包括除单个HG以外的许多元素，与农业生物多样性无关，但得分最高。我们的结果表明，多功能知识为参与概念和规划保护农业生物多样性所必需的政策和行动提供了许多机会。其中包括除个体HG以外的许多元素，与农业生物多样性无关，但得分最高。我们的结果表明，多功能知识为参与概念和规划保护农业生物多样性所必需的政策和行动提供了许多机会。