This paper presents a recent study of the relationship between precipitation rate (PR) over Saudi Arabia (SA) within the months of the fall season and climatic indices. The fall monthly PR data spanning the study period between 1948 and 2018 is considered. In addition, the monthly climatic index records (arctic oscillation (AO), global surface air temperature (GSAT), multivariate ENSO index (MEI), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, Nino 3.4 index, and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)) for the fall months were also considered. The statistical trend, anomaly, and correlation analyses are applied in this study. The results reveal that the sweeping changes in PR show generally positive trends throughout the fall seasons of the past decades. Moreover, the climatic indices have an effect on the PR over SA within the fall months and season. During the study period, the most substantial relationship recorded, with an inverse correlation of −0.7, is between the PR over SA and the climatic index of GSAT for September and October. Moreover, there is a clear correlation of +0.5 between the PR over SA and the ENSO and Nino 3.4 index for October and November.

中文翻译：

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秋季沙特阿拉伯降水率与气候指数关系的最新研究

本文介绍了有关秋季秋季月份内沙特阿拉伯（SA）的降水率（PR）与气候指数之间关系的最新研究。研究期间涵盖了1948年至2018年之间的秋季每月PR数据。此外，每月的气候指数记录（北极涛动（AO），全球地面气温（GSAT），多元ENSO指数（MEI），北大西洋涛动（NAO）指数，Nino 3.4指数和南方涛动指数（SOI））还考虑了秋季。统计趋势，异常和相关分析在本研究中得到了应用。结果表明，过去几十年的整个秋季，PR的全面变化总体上显示出积极的趋势。此外，在秋季的月份和季节中，气候指数也会影响SA上的PR。在研究期间，记录的最主要的关系是-0.7的PR与9月和10月GSAT的气候指数之间的反比为-0.7。此外，10月和11月SA的PR与ENSO和Nino 3.4指数之间存在明显的+0.5的相关性。