Abstract

The increasing demand for global food security in the face of a warming climate is leading researchers to investigate the physiological and molecular responses of cereals to rising ambient temperatures. Wheat and barley are temperate cereals whose yields are adversely affected by high ambient temperatures, with each 1 °C increase above optimum temperatures reducing productivity by 5–6%. Reproductive development is vulnerable to high-temperature stress, which reduces yields by decreasing grain number and/or size and weight. In recent years, analysis of early inflorescence development and genetic pathways that control the vegetative to floral transition have elucidated molecular processes that respond to rising temperatures, including those involved in the vernalization- and photoperiod-dependent control of flowering. In comparison, our understanding of genes that underpin thermal responses during later developmental stages remains poor, thus highlighting a key area for future research. This review outlines the responses of developmental genes to warmer conditions and summarizes our knowledge of the reproductive traits of wheat and barley influenced by high temperatures. We explore ways in which recent advances in wheat and barley research capabilities could help identify genes that underpin responses to rising temperatures, and how improved knowledge of the genetic regulation of reproduction and plant architecture could be used to develop thermally resilient cultivars.

中文翻译：

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感觉热：小麦和大麦对高环境温度的发育和分子反应。

摘要

面对气候变暖，对全球粮食安全的需求不断增长，这促使研究人员研究谷物对环境温度升高的生理和分子反应。小麦和大麦是温带谷物，其产量受到高环境温度的不利影响，温度每升高1°C，均比最佳温度高5-6％。生殖发育容易受到高温胁迫的影响，高温胁迫会通过减少晶粒数量和/或尺寸和重量降低产量。近年来，对早期花序发育和控制植物向花期过渡的遗传途径的分析已经阐明了响应温度升高的分子过程，包括那些涉及春化和光周期依赖性开花的过程。相比下，我们对在以后的发育阶段支持热反应的基因的了解仍然很少，因此突出了未来研究的关键领域。这篇综述概述了发育基因对温暖条件的反应，并总结了我们对受高温影响的小麦和大麦生殖特性的了解。我们探索了小麦和大麦研究能力的最新进展如何帮助鉴定支撑对温度升高的反应的基因，以及如何利用对繁殖和植物结构的遗传调控的改进知识来开发耐热性品种。这篇综述概述了发育基因对温暖条件的反应，并总结了我们对受高温影响的小麦和大麦生殖特性的认识。我们探索了小麦和大麦研究能力的最新进展如何帮助鉴定支撑对温度升高的反应的基因，以及如何利用对繁殖和植物结构的遗传调控的改进知识来开发耐热性品种。这篇综述概述了发育基因对温暖条件的反应，并总结了我们对受高温影响的小麦和大麦生殖特性的认识。我们探索了小麦和大麦研究能力的最新进展如何帮助鉴定支撑对温度升高的反应的基因，以及如何利用对繁殖和植物结构的遗传调控的改进知识来开发耐热性品种。