Abstract

Boron is one of the most important elements with its indisputable biological importance and widespread use. The most studied derivatives of the boron element are boric acid and its salts. In this article, we searched the effects of boric acid and its lithium salt, lithium metaborate, on enzymatic defense system, cell damage, and cell surface morphology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 strain. It was found that while all studied concentrations of boric acid showed toxicity against the yeast, even the highest studied concentration of lithium metaborate could not effectively inhibit cell viability. In addition, we observed reverse effect of lithium metaborate depend on its concentration on yeast cell proliferation and metabolic activity. As a defense mechanism, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities were significantly induced in yeast cells treated with boric acid. But these inductions could not protect cells from boric acid induced lipid peroxidation. It was determined that glutathione S-transferase was the only enzyme induced after lithium metaborate treatment. Finally, we visualized the signs of features of necrotic and early apoptotic mechanisms in yeast cells treated with boric acid and lithium metaborate, respectively, which should be investigated with further studies.

摘要

硼具有无可争辩的生物学重要性和广泛使用是最重要的元素之一。硼元素研究最多的衍生物是硼酸及其盐。在本文中，我们研究了硼酸及其锂盐，偏硼酸锂对酿酒酵母酶防御系统，细胞损伤和细胞表面形态的影响。BY4741株。已经发现，尽管所有研究浓度的硼酸均显示出对酵母的毒性，但是即使研究浓度最高的偏硼酸锂也不能有效抑制细胞活力。此外，我们观察到偏硼酸锂的反向作用取决于其浓度对酵母细胞增殖和代谢活性的影响。作为防御机制，在用硼酸处理的酵母细胞中明显诱导了超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性。但是这些诱导不能保护细胞免受硼酸诱导的脂质过氧化作用。已确定谷胱甘肽S-转移酶是在偏硼酸锂处理后诱导的唯一酶。最后，