ABSTRACT Cladosterigma clavariellum has been treated as a basidiomycete since its first description by Spegazzini in 1886 as Microcera clavariella. After further morphological studies, between 1919 and 2011, it remained among the basidiomycetes, most recently as incertae sedis in the order Cryptobasidiales. Our studies, based on light and scanning electron microscopy, supported by multilocus phylogenetic analyses—second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), small subunit (18S), large subunit (28S), and nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) of the nuclear rDNA sequences, and mitochondrial rDNA small subunit (mtSSU)—finally determined the phylogenetic placement of Cladosterigma as the first nonlichenicolous mycoparasitic member of the Gomphillaceae within the Graphidales, an ascomycete order previously composed predominantly of lichen-forming fungi.

中文翻译：

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Cladosterigma：一种神秘的真菌，以前被认为是担子菌，现在被揭示为 Gomphillaceae 的子囊菌成员

摘要 Cladosterigma clavariellum 自 1886 年被 Spegazzini 首次描述为 Microcera clavariella 以来一直被视为一种担子菌。经过进一步的形态学研究，在 1919 年至 2011 年之间，它仍然属于担子菌纲，最近作为隐孢子虫目中的 incertae sedis。我们的研究基于光学和扫描电子显微镜，并得到多位点系统发育分析的支持——RNA 聚合酶 II (RPB2) 的第二大亚基、翻译延伸因子 1-α (TEF1)、小亚基 (18S)、大亚基 (28S)和核 rDNA 序列的核内部转录间隔区 (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) 和线粒体 rDNA 小亚基 (mtSSU)——最终确定了枝条作为 Graphidales 中 Gomphillaceae 的第一个非地衣真菌寄生成员的系统发育位置,