Emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from inland waters is recognized as highly important and an understudied part of the terrestrial carbon (C) biogeochemical cycle. These emissions are still poorly quantified in subarctic regions that contain vast amounts of surface C in permafrost peatlands. This is especially true in NE European peatlands, located within sporadic to discontinuous permafrost zones which are highly vulnerable to thaw. Initial measurements of C emissions from lentic waters of the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra (BZT; 200,000 km²) demonstrated sizable CO₂ and CH₄ concentrations and fluxes to the atmosphere in 98 depressions, thaw ponds, and thermokarst lakes ranging from 0.5 × 10⁶ to 5 × 10⁶ m² in size. CO₂ fluxes decreased by an order of magnitude as waterbody size increased by > 3 orders of magnitude while CH₄ fluxes showed large variability unrelated to lake size. By using a combination of Landsat‐8 and GeoEye‐1 images, we determined lakes cover 4% of BZT and thus calculated overall C emissions from lentic waters to be 3.8 ± 0.65 Tg C yr⁻¹ (99% C‐CO₂, 1% C‐CH₄), which is two times higher than the lateral riverine export. Large lakes dominated GHG emissions whereas small thaw ponds had a minor contribution to overall water surface area and GHG emissions. These data suggest that, if permafrost thaw in NE Europe results in disappearance of large thermokarst lakes and formation of new small thaw ponds and depressions, GHG emissions from lentic waters in this region may decrease.

中文翻译：

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欧洲东北苔原热喀斯特湖的碳排放

内陆水域的温室气体（GHG）排放被认为是非常重要的，并且是陆地碳（C）生物地球化学循环中未被充分研究的部分。在多年冻土的泥炭地中含有大量表面C的亚弧区域，这些排放仍很难量化。在欧洲东北的泥炭地中尤其如此，这些泥炭地处零星至不连续的永久冻土区，极易融化。最初对Bolshezemelskaya Tundra（BZT; 200,000 km ²）的胶状水排放的C的测量结果表明，在0.5×10 ⁶至5的98个洼地，解冻池和热喀斯特湖中，CO ₂和CH _4的浓度和通向大气的通量都很大。×10 ⁶  m大小为²。随着水体尺寸增加> 3个数量级，CO ₂通量下降了一个数量级，而CH ₄通量显示出与湖泊大小无关的较大变化性。通过使用陆地卫星-8和地球之眼-1图像的组合，我们确定湖泊覆盖BZT的4％和静水水域如此计算总C排放量为3.8±0.65的TgÇ年^-1（99％C-CO ₂，1 ％C‐CH ₄），这是横向河流出口的两倍。大型湖泊是温室气体排放的主要来源，而小型解冻池对总体水表面积和温室气体排放的贡献较小。这些数据表明，如果欧洲东北部的多年冻土融化导致大型热喀斯特湖消失，并形成新的小型融化塘和洼地，则该地区从胶体水产生的温室气体排放量可能会减少。