Abstract Intensive extraction of forest resources lowers biodiversity and endangers the functioning of forest ecosystems. As such, alternative management regimes have emerged, aspiring to promote forest biodiversity and nature protection in managed forests. Among them, continuous cover forestry, (i.e. selective logging), has received considerable attention and is being promoted by some researchers and NGOs. Yet, the full consequences of banning clear-cuts (i.e. rotation forestry) and replacing it entirely with continuous cover forest remains uncertain. We explore how restricting forest management alternatives (either rotation forestry or continuous cover forestry) will affect landscape-scale forest multifunctionality at a range of harvesting levels. We evaluate multifunctionality as a combination of recreational ecosystem services, climate change mitigation, habitat availability for vertebrates, and red-listed dead wood dependent species. Our results show that restricting forest management alternatives have a negative impact on forest multifunctionality at all harvesting levels when compared to the case with no restrictions. Using only continuous cover forestry management alternatives resulted in higher multifunctionality than the case when only rotation forestry management alternatives were used. We also show that maximizing multifunctionality using all management alternatives led to high proportion of continuous cover forestry over the landscape. We conclude that banning clear-cuts does not promote forest biodiversity and multifunctionality at the landscape scale, especially if there is a requirement for high economic benefits from the forest. However, we recommend that continuous cover forestry should be considered as a primary management alternative, with selective application of rotation forestry wisely planned at the landscape scale.

中文翻译：

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高北方森林多功能性需要连续覆盖林业作为主要管理

摘要 森林资源的集约化开采降低了生物多样性，危及森林生态系统的功能。因此，出现了替代管理制度，旨在促进受管理森林中的森林生物多样性和自然保护。其中，连续覆盖林业（即选择性采伐）受到了相当多的关注，并正在被一些研究人员和非政府组织推广。然而，禁止砍伐（即轮作林业）并用连续覆盖林完全取而代之的全部后果仍不确定。我们探讨了限制森林管理替代方案（轮作林业或连续覆盖林业）将如何在一系列采伐水平上影响景观规模的森林多功能性。我们将多功能性评估为休闲生态系统服务的组合，减缓气候变化、脊椎动物的栖息地可用性和红色名录枯木依赖物种。我们的结果表明，与没有限制的情况相比，限制森林管理替代方案对所有采伐水平的森林多功能性都有负面影响。仅使用连续覆盖的林业管理替代方案比仅使用轮作林业管理替代方案的情况具有更高的多功能性。我们还表明，使用所有管理替代方案最大限度地提高多功能性会导致景观中连续覆盖林业的比例很高。我们得出的结论是，禁止砍伐并不能在景观尺度上促进森林的生物多样性和多功能性，尤其是在需要从森林中获得高经济效益的情况下。然而，