Traditional liquid electrolytes used in rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, and electrochemical capacitors composed of solvents, anions, and solvents solvated cations (e.g., lithium ions, Li⁺), follow classic “cations with solvation” electrolyte configuration and can be defined as “cations solvated electrolytes.” In these electrolytes, the de-solvation processes of solvated cations only occur when the cations inserted-deposited on the electrodes’ surface. Here, different from traditional electrolytes, a new liquid electrolyte with de-solvated Li⁺ was discovered (“Li⁺ de-solvated electrolyte”), since it merely composed of inactive “frozen-like” solvent and crystal-like salt solute. Inspiringly, its electrochemical stability was remarkably improved (extended to 4.5 V for “Li⁺ de-solvated ether-based electrolyte”). Ultra-stable high-energy-density lithium-metal batteries (LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂//Li) were achieved (half-cell: 140 mAh g⁻¹ after 830 cycles; full-cell: 170 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles under twice excessed Li). It is also surprising that this does not present any cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) layer on the cycled NCM-811 surface benefit from the “Li⁺ de-solvated electrolyte.”

可再充电电池，燃料电池和电化学电容器中使用的传统液体电解质由溶剂，阴离子和溶剂化的阳离子（例如锂离子，Li ⁺）组成，遵循经典的“带溶剂化的阳离子”电解质配置，可以定义为“阳离子”溶剂化的电解质。” 在这些电解质中，仅当将阳离子插入沉积在电极表面时，才发生溶剂化阳离子的去溶剂化过程。在这里，不同于传统的电解质，发现了一种新的具有去溶剂化的Li ^+的液体电解质（“ Li ⁺ de-solvated electrolyte”), since it merely composed of inactive “frozen-like” solvent and crystal-like salt solute. Inspiringly, its electrochemical stability was remarkably improved (extended to 4.5 V for “Li⁺ de-solvated ether-based electrolyte”). Ultra-stable high-energy-density lithium-metal batteries (LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂//Li) were achieved (half-cell: 140 mAh g⁻¹ after 830 cycles; full-cell: 170 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles under twice excessed Li). It is also surprising that this does not present any cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) layer on the cycled NCM-811 surface benefit from the “Li⁺ de-solvated electrolyte.”