Survivin is one of the rare proteins that is differentially expressed in normal and cancer cells and is directly or indirectly involved in numerous pathways required for tumor maintenance. It is expressed in almost all cancers and its expression has been detected at early stages of cancer. These traits make survivin an exceptionally attractive target for cancer therapeutics. Even with these promising features to be an oncotherapeutic target, there has been limited success in the clinical trials targeting survivin. Only recently it has emerged that survivin was not being specifically targeted which could have resulted in the negative clinical outcome. Also, focus of research has now shifted from survivin expression in the overall heterogeneous tumor cell populations to survivin expression in cancer stem cells as these cells have proved to be the major drivers of tumors. Therefore, in this review we have analyzed the expression of survivin in normal and cancer cells with a particular focus on its expression in cancer stem cell compartment. We have discussed the major signaling pathways involved in regulation of survivin. We have explored the current development status of various types of interventions for inhibition of survivin. Furthermore, we have discussed the challenges involving the development of potent and specific survivin inhibitors for cancer therapeutics. Finally we have given insights for some of the promising future anticancer treatments.

中文翻译：

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Survivin在干细胞和癌症中的新兴重要性：新癌症治疗方法的发展。

Survivin是在正常细胞和癌细胞中差异表达的稀有蛋白质之一，直接或间接参与维持肿瘤所需的多种途径。它在几乎所有癌症中都有表达，并且在癌症的早期就已经检测到它的表达。这些特性使survivin成为癌症治疗的极具吸引力的靶标。即使将这些有希望的特征作为治疗靶标，靶向survivin的临床试验也取得了有限的成功。直到最近才发现，survivin没有被特异性靶向，这可能导致临床结果阴性。也，现在的研究重点已经从整体异质性肿瘤细胞群体中的生存素表达转移到癌症干细胞中的生存素表达，因为这些细胞已被证明是肿瘤的主要驱动力。因此，在这篇综述中，我们分析了survivin在正常细胞和癌细胞中的表达，特别关注其在癌症干细胞区室中的表达。我们已经讨论了参与survivin调节的主要信号通路。我们已经探索了抑制survivin的各种类型干预措施的当前发展状况。此外，我们已经讨论了涉及开发有效的和特异性的survivin抑制剂用于癌症治疗的挑战。最后，我们对一些有前途的未来抗癌治疗提供了见识。在这篇综述中，我们分析了survivin在正常细胞和癌细胞中的表达，特别关注其在癌症干细胞区室中的表达。我们已经讨论了参与survivin调节的主要信号通路。我们已经探索了抑制survivin的各种类型干预措施的当前发展状况。此外，我们已经讨论了涉及开发有效的和特异性的survivin抑制剂用于癌症治疗的挑战。最后，我们对一些有前途的未来抗癌治疗提供了见识。在这篇综述中，我们分析了survivin在正常细胞和癌细胞中的表达，特别关注其在癌症干细胞区室中的表达。我们已经讨论了参与survivin调节的主要信号通路。我们已经探索了抑制survivin的各种类型干预措施的当前发展状况。此外，我们已经讨论了涉及开发有效的和特异性的survivin抑制剂用于癌症治疗的挑战。最后，我们对一些有前途的未来抗癌治疗提供了见识。我们已经探索了抑制survivin的各种类型干预措施的当前发展状况。此外，我们已经讨论了涉及开发有效的和特异性的survivin抑制剂用于癌症治疗的挑战。最后，我们对一些有前途的未来抗癌治疗提供了见识。我们已经探索了抑制survivin的各种类型干预措施的当前发展状况。此外，我们已经讨论了涉及开发有效的和特异性的survivin抑制剂用于癌症治疗的挑战。最后，我们对一些有前途的未来抗癌治疗提供了见识。