Studies in crop plants analyzing floral biology in conjunction with effectiveness and efficiency of pollinators on pollen transfer and fruit formation are not common, although they are essential to provide better management actions. On this base, we selected a farm in Bahia, Brazil, to study pollination on coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.). Specifically, we want to analyze if nectar traits influence visitor’s performance throughout flower lifetime and if honeybees (Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, 1836) are effective and efficient for coffee pollination comparing fertilization and fructification among four experimental treatments: open (OP), wind (WP), cross (HCP), and single-visit bee pollination (SVBP). We found that honeybees collect both nectar and pollen from coffee flowers and transfer pollen on stigmas even after one visit. No differences were found among treatments regarding the number of pollen grains transferred on the stigmas (effectiveness). OP flowers showed a comparative lower efficiency (pollen tubes and fruit set) probably due to pollination failure as those flowers have a higher variability on the number of deposited pollen grains. Two of the treatments (HCP and SVBP) showed higher fertilization (measuring tubes until the end of the style). Pollen loads seem to be limited by a peak of pollen transference by pollinators, followed by the stabilization in the number of pollen grains deposited per stigma. Thus, reproduction of the coffee can be limited by the quality of pollen grains moved by pollinators instead of quantity. Management strategies should focus on monitoring bee density on plants for increasing pollen quality transfer on flowers trough maintaining the adequate proportions of seminatural habitats and/or the number of hives on agricultural fields according to the flowering of the crop.

中文翻译：

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蜜蜂作为阿拉伯咖啡的授粉媒介的性能，功效和效率（Gentianales，茜草科）。

尽管对提供更好的管理措施必不可少，但对作物植物进行花生物学研究以结合花粉传粉者对花粉转移和果实形成的有效性和效率进行分析的研究并不普遍。在此基础上，我们选择了巴西巴伊亚州的一个农场来研究咖啡植物（阿拉伯咖啡）的授粉。具体来说，我们想分析花蜜性状是否会影响整个花期的访客表现，以及蜜蜂是否对蜜蜂（Apis mellifera scutellataLepeletier，1836年）对咖啡授粉进行了有效和高效的比较，比较了四个实验处理中的施肥和果糖化：开放（OP），风（WP），杂交（HCP）和单次访问蜂授粉（SVBP）。我们发现，蜜蜂从咖啡花中采集花蜜和花粉，即使一次造访也能将花粉转移到柱头上。各处理之间在柱头上转移的花粉粒数量没有发现差异（有效性）。OP花显示出相对较低的效率（花粉管和坐果），可能是由于授粉失败造成的，因为这些花的花粉粒沉积数量差异较大。两种处理方法（HCP和SVBP）显示出较高的受精率（测量管直到花式结束）。花粉的装载量似乎受到传粉者传粉高峰的限制，随后每个柱头上沉积的花粉粒数稳定。因此，咖啡的繁殖受到传粉者移动的花粉粒质量的限制，而不是数量的限制。管理策略应集中于监测植物上的蜂密度，以增加花槽上花粉质量的转移，并根据作物的开花情况，保持适当比例的半自然生境和/或农田上的蜂巢数量。