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Modulators of calcium signalling at fertilization.
Open Biology ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-15 , DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200118
Paula Stein 1 , Virginia Savy 1 , Audrey M Williams 2 , Carmen J Williams 1
Affiliation  

Calcium (Ca2+) signals initiate egg activation across the animal kingdom and in at least some plants. These signals are crucial for the success of development and, in the case of mammals, health of the offspring. The mechanisms associated with fertilization that trigger these signals and the molecules that regulate their characteristic patterns vary widely. With few exceptions, a major contributor to fertilization-induced elevation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ is release from endoplasmic reticulum stores through the IP3 receptor. In some cases, Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space and/or release from alternative intracellular stores contribute to the rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+. Following the Ca2+ rise, the reuptake of Ca2+ into intracellular stores or efflux of Ca2+ out of the egg drive the return of cytoplasmic Ca2+ back to baseline levels. The molecular mediators of these Ca2+ fluxes in different organisms include Ca2+ release channels, uptake channels, exchangers and pumps. The functions of these mediators are regulated by their particular activating mechanisms but also by alterations in their expression and spatial organization. We discuss here the molecular basis for modulation of Ca2+ signalling at fertilization, highlighting differences across several animal phyla, and we mention key areas where questions remain.



中文翻译:

受精时钙信号的调节剂。

钙 (Ca 2+ ) 信号在整个动物界和至少一些植物中启动卵子激活。这些信号对于发育的成功至关重要,对于哺乳动物来说,对于后代的健康也至关重要。触发这些信号的与受精相关的机制以及调节其特征模式的分子差异很大。除少数例外,受精引起的细胞质 Ca 2+升高的一个主要因素是通过 IP3 受体从内质网储存中释放。在某些情况下,Ca 2+从细胞外空间流入和/或从替代的细胞内储存释放导致细胞质Ca 2+的增加。随着Ca 2+上升,Ca 2+重新摄取到细胞内储存中或Ca 2+从卵中流出,促使细胞质Ca 2+返回到基线水平。不同生物体中这些Ca 2+通量的分子介质包括Ca 2+释放通道、摄取通道、交换器和泵。这些介质的功能受到其特定激活机制的调节,但也受到其表达和空间组织的改变的调节。我们在此讨论受精时 Ca 2+信号传导调节的分子基础,强调了几种动物门之间的差异,并提到了仍存在问题的关键领域。

更新日期:2020-07-20
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