Acute and chronic effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on human health have long been a concern. It is well known that acute UVR causes epidermal hyperplasia, erythema, delayed tanning, pigment darkening, and free-radical formation. Apart from acute effects of UVR, its chronic effects involve immunosuppression, photoaging, exacerbation, photodermatoses, and photocarcinogenesis. To protect skin from harmful effects of UVR, UV filters were developed. But these may cause harmful effects in humans and on the environment; adverse effects of these chemicals have been evaluated for > 20 yr. Studies show that UV filters may lead to endocrine disruption, hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, and systemic toxicity. Literature on environmental effects of UV filters suggests that they are bioaccumulative, pseudopersistent, and possibly toxic to aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this review is to summarize toxic effects and safety concerns of organic UV filters on human beings and the environment. We focus on UV filters' organic endocrine-disrupting effects by reviewing both in vivo and in vitro studies.

中文翻译：

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有机紫外线过滤器的安全问题：特别关注破坏内分泌的特性。

长期以来，紫外线辐射（UVR）对人类健康的急性和慢性影响一直是人们关注的问题。众所周知，急性UVR会引起表皮增生，红斑，晒黑延迟，色素变黑和自由基形成。除UVR的急性作用外，其慢性作用还包括免疫抑制，光老化，恶化，光皮病和光致癌作用。为了保护皮肤免受UVR的有害影响，开发了UV过滤器。但是这些可能会对人类和环境造成有害影响；这些化学药品的不良影响已评估超过20年。研究表明，紫外线过滤剂可能导致内分泌紊乱，肝毒性，致突变性和全身毒性。关于紫外线滤镜的环境影响的文献表明，它们具有生物蓄积性，伪持久性，可能对水生生态系统有毒。这篇综述的目的是总结有机紫外线过滤剂对人类和环境的毒性影响和安全性问题。我们将同时审查紫外线过滤剂对有机内分泌的干扰作用体内和体外研究。