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MAIT Cells in COVID-19: Heroes, Villains, or Both?
Critical Reviews in Immunology ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2020034943
S M Mansour Haeryfar 1
Affiliation  

Mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) are unconventional, innate-like T lymphocytes with remarkable effector and immunoregulatory functions. They are abundant in the human peripheral blood and also enriched in mucosal layers and in the lungs, SARS-CoV-2's main ports of entry. Once activated, MAIT cells produce inflammatory cytokines and cytolytic effector molecules quickly and copiously. MAIT cells are best known for their antibacterial and antifungal properties. However, they are also activated during viral infections, typically in a cytokine-dependent manner, which may promote antiviral immunity. On the other hand, it is plausible to assume active roles for MAIT cells in infection-provoked cytokine storms and tissue damage. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be asymptomatic, mild, severe, or even fatal, depending on sex, age, the presence of preexisting morbidities, and the individual's immunological competence, or lack thereof, among other factors. Based on the available literature, I propose that MAIT cells regulate the host response to SARS-CoV-2 and constitute attractive targets in the prevention or clinical management of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and some of its complications. Unlike mainstream T cells, MAIT cells are restricted by a monomorphic antigen-presenting molecule called MHC-related protein 1 (MR1). Therefore, MR1 ligands should modify MAIT cell functions relatively uniformly in genetically diverse subjects and may be tested as immunotherapeutic agents or vaccine adjuvants in future studies.

中文翻译:

COVID-19中的MAIT单元:英雄,恶棍还是两者?

粘膜相关不变T细胞(MAIT细胞)是非常规的先天性T淋巴细胞,具有显着的效应子和免疫调节功能。它们在人的外周血中丰富,在粘膜层和肺中也很丰富,这是SARS-CoV-2的主要进入口。一旦激活,MAIT细胞就会迅速大量地产生炎性细胞因子和溶细胞效应分子。MAIT细胞以其抗菌和抗真菌特性而闻名。但是,它们在病毒感染期间也通常以细胞因子依赖性方式被激活,这可能会增强抗病毒免疫性。另一方面,在感染引起的细胞因子风暴和组织损伤中,MAIT细胞发挥积极作用似乎是合理的。SARS-CoV-2感染可能是无症状,轻度,严重甚至致命,具体取决于性别,年龄,除其他因素外,还存在既往发病,个人免疫能力或缺乏免疫能力的情况。根据现有文献,我建议MAIT细胞调节宿主对SARS-CoV-2的应答,并在冠状病毒疾病19(COVID-19)及其某些并发症的预防或临床处理中构成有吸引力的靶标。与主流T细胞不同,MAIT细胞受到称为MHC相关蛋白1(MR1)的单态抗原呈递分子的限制。因此,MR1配体应在遗传多样的受试者中相对均匀地修饰MAIT细胞功能,并可能在未来的研究中作为免疫治疗剂或疫苗佐剂进行测试。我建议MAIT细胞调节宿主对SARS-CoV-2的反应,并在冠状病毒疾病19(COVID-19)及其某些并发症的预防或临床管理中构成有吸引力的靶标。与主流T细胞不同,MAIT细胞受到称为MHC相关蛋白1(MR1)的单态性抗原呈递分子的限制。因此,MR1配体应在遗传多样的受试者中相对均匀地修饰MAIT细胞功能,并可能在未来的研究中作为免疫治疗剂或疫苗佐剂进行测试。我建议MAIT细胞调节宿主对SARS-CoV-2的应答,并在冠状病毒疾病19(COVID-19)及其某些并发症的预防或临床管理中构成有吸引力的靶标。与主流T细胞不同,MAIT细胞受到称为MHC相关蛋白1(MR1)的单态性抗原呈递分子的限制。因此,MR1配体应在遗传多样的受试者中相对均匀地修饰MAIT细胞功能,并可能在未来的研究中作为免疫治疗剂或疫苗佐剂进行测试。MAIT细胞受到称为MHC相关蛋白1(MR1)的单态性抗原呈递分子的限制。因此,MR1配体应在遗传多样的受试者中相对均匀地修饰MAIT细胞功能,并可能在未来的研究中作为免疫治疗剂或疫苗佐剂进行测试。MAIT细胞受到称为MHC相关蛋白1(MR1)的单态性抗原呈递分子的限制。因此,MR1配体应在遗传多样的受试者中相对均匀地修饰MAIT细胞功能,并可能在未来的研究中作为免疫治疗剂或疫苗佐剂进行测试。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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