Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in a redox system. It may involve either excessive production of reactive oxygen species or dysfunction of the antioxidant defense system. Unlike other viscera, the brain is especially highly susceptible to oxidative damage because of it requires a high oxygen level and contains an abundance of peroxida-tion-susceptible lipid cells. Oxidative stress is among the common etiological factors involved in neurodegeneration. To measure The extent of oxidative stress is measured with several indicators or biomarkers that are known to arise from oxidation of major biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. In this review, we will discuss oxidative stress biomarkers associated with neurodegenerative diseases, for instance, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. We will also highlight the biomarkers of antioxidant defense mechanisms that are impaired in these diseases.

中文翻译：

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氧化应激和抗氧化防御生物标志物在神经退行性疾病中的作用。

氧化应激是由氧化还原系统的不平衡引起的。它可能涉及活性氧物质的过量产生或抗氧化剂防御系统的功能障碍。与其他内脏不同，大脑特别容易受到氧化损伤，因为它需要较高的氧气水平并包含大量的过氧化易感脂质细胞。氧化应激是神经退行性变的常见病因之一。要测量氧化应激的程度，可使用几种已知的主要生物分子（包括脂质，蛋白质，碳水化合物和核酸）的氧化指示剂或生物标记物进行测量。在这篇评论中，我们将讨论与神经退行性疾病相关的氧化应激生物标志物，例如阿尔茨海默氏病，帕金森氏病，肌萎缩性侧索硬化症和亨廷顿氏病。我们还将重点介绍在这些疾病中受损的抗氧化剂防御机制的生物标志物。