The outcomes of fuel drop impact on a combustion chamber wall will affect the fuel-air mixture distribution and subsequent combustion performance of an internal combustion engine. In this paper, the process offuel drop impact on a solid dry surface was simulated, using a numerical method based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). This method was first validated using experimental data on the impact regimes of ethanol drops and n-heptane drops on a heated surface. Various impact outcomes: deposition, contact-splash, bounce, and film-splash, were predicted successfully. Then, the impact process of iso-octane drops on a solid surface under engine-relevant conditions was studied. Numerical results show that the splash threshold will decrease as the wall temperature increases. A variety of impact regimes were identified and the impact outcomes in each regime were analyzed. Based on the simulation results, the splashed mass ratio will increase as the kinetic energy of the incident drop and the wall temperature increase. The impact outcomes were found to be similar if the wall temperature is higher than the drop's Leidenfrost temperature. The effect of wall temperature on the impact outcomes was characterized and incorporated into the model. The proposed drop/wall interaction model, derived from the present SPH study, can be readily implemented for engine spray/wall impingement simulation.

中文翻译：

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SPH模拟滴落在加热墙壁上的冲击力和确定冲击力的标准

燃料滴撞击燃烧室壁的结果将影响燃料-空气混合物的分布以及随后的内燃机的燃烧性能。本文采用基于光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）的数值方法，模拟了燃料滴撞击固体干燥表面的过程。该方法首先使用关于乙醇液滴和正庚烷液滴在加热表面上的冲击方式的实验数据进行了验证。成功预测了各种冲击结果：沉积，接触飞溅，弹跳和薄膜飞溅。然后，研究了在发动机相关条件下异辛烷滴在固体表面上的撞击过程。数值结果表明，飞溅阈值将随着壁温的升高而降低。确定了各种影响方案，并分析了每个方案的影响结果。根据模拟结果，飞溅质量比将随着入射滴的动能和壁温的升高而增加。如果壁温高于液滴的莱顿弗罗斯特温度，则发现冲击结果相似。表征了壁温对冲击结果的影响并将其纳入模型。从目前的SPH研究中得出的建议的滴/壁相互作用模型可以很容易地用于发动机喷雾/壁碰撞模拟。如果壁温高于液滴的莱顿弗罗斯特温度，则发现冲击结果相似。表征了壁温对冲击结果的影响并将其纳入模型。从目前的SPH研究中得出的建议的滴/壁相互作用模型可以很容易地用于发动机喷雾/壁碰撞模拟。如果壁温高于液滴的莱顿弗罗斯特温度，则发现冲击结果相似。表征了壁温对冲击结果的影响并将其纳入模型。从目前的SPH研究中得出的建议的滴/壁相互作用模型可以很容易地用于发动机喷雾/壁碰撞模拟。