A turbulent jet breakup model is derived using concepts from probability theory. Velocity fluctuations at the free surface are hypothesized to be the cause of turbulent jet breakup. This idea is formalized by treating the fluctuations as random variables, subject to damping from the free surface. In contrast to previous theories, this theory uses a conditional ensemble average to determine quantities of interest because not all fluctuations produce droplets. An energy balance and a closure model are used to determine the Sauter mean diameter. Similar approaches are used to determine the breakup onset location, breakup length, and spray angle. To validate the model, data from previous experimental studies using long pipe nozzles was compiled. Data for rough pipes was used to include turbulence intensity in the study.

中文翻译：

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湍流射流破裂的条件阻尼随机表面速度模型

使用概率论中的概念推导了湍流射流破碎模型。假定自由表面的速度波动是湍流射流破裂的原因。通过将波动视为随机变量（受到来自自由表面的阻尼的影响），可以使这种想法形式化。与以前的理论相比，该理论使用条件集合平均值来确定感兴趣的量，因为并非所有的波动都会产生液滴。使用能量平衡和闭合模型确定Sauter平均直径。类似的方法用于确定破裂起始位置，破裂长度和喷雾角度。为了验证该模型，使用以前使用长管喷嘴的实验研究数据进行了汇总。粗糙管的数据用于研究中的湍流强度。