Expressways act as barriers to animals that block free movement in their habitats, especially when the roads are continuously fenced to prevent collisions between animals and vehicles. Various types of animal passages have been repeatedly studied in terms of their utility, albeit rather less frequently in the suburban environment. We conducted our research in a section of the fenced expressway S3 connecting two closely located cities in western Poland (Lubuskie province). Over the course of one year, we monitored four underpasses intended for small- and medium-sized animals using tracks. The underpasses were inspected weekly. Animal traces most frequently found belonged to roe deer Capreolus capreolus (20.9%), red fox Vulpes vulpes (15.1%), wild boar Sus scrofa (14%), and domestic dog Canis l. familiaris (12.4%). Surprisingly, the results of our study indicate that underpasses for small and medium mammals are also used by ungulate mammals. The use of the underpasses varied seasonally, being the highest in spring (37.9%) and the lowest in winter (10.4%). Moreover, seasonal differences in the use of passages were related to particular species/groups of animal species. We found that 22% of animals that entered the passage did not completely traverse it. People accounted for 17.1% of all stated traces in the underpasses. Stagnant water in the underpasses reduced the number of predatory mammals and wild boars using the underpasses but did not affect the activity of roe deer. These studies indicate that animal underpasses located in suburban areas are used by many species of animals despite the activity of humans and domesticated mammals.

中文翻译：

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在波兰西部郊区的栅栏高速公路上，动物对地下通道的使用

高速公路是阻碍动物在其栖息地自由活动的动物的屏障，尤其是当道路被连续围起来以防止动物和车辆之间发生碰撞时。关于各种动物通道的用途已被反复研究，尽管在郊区环境中相对较少。我们在连接波兰西部（卢布斯基省）两个紧邻城市的S3围栏高速公路的一部分中进行了研究。在一年的时间里，我们使用轨道监控了四个用于中小型动物的地下通道。每周都要检查地下通道。最常见的动物痕迹是ro（20.9％），狐狸狐狸（15.1％），野猪Sus scrofa（14％）和家犬Canis l。熟悉（12.4％）。出奇，我们的研究结果表明，有蹄类哺乳动物也使用中小型哺乳动物的地下通道。地下通道的使用随季节而变，春季最高（37.9％），冬季最低（10.4％）。此外，传代使用的季节性差异与特定物种/动物物种组有关。我们发现进入该通道的动物中有22％并未完全穿过该通道。在地下通道中，人占所有所述痕迹的17.1％。地下通道的积水减少了使用地下通道的掠食性哺乳动物和野猪的数量，但并未影响ro的活动。这些研究表明，尽管人类和驯养的哺乳动物有活动，但位于郊区的动物地下通道仍被许多动物使用。