This paper aims to describe a new microwave radiometer designed for sensing natural mediums to solve various applied scientific problems. The research findings enable to make assertions about high efficiency of the described microwave radiometer being a part of mobile sensor systems with self-contained power supplies.,A new microwave radiometer is based on the modification of the null method. Modification of the null method has been implemented by using two reference noise generators. The first reference noise generator is passive and its implementation is based on the matched load. A low-noise amplifier is used as the second reference noise generator. The use of the low-noise amplifier as the reference noise generator is based on the noise wave generation effect at its input whereby the waves form low-temperature noise.,The use of the low-noise amplifier as the reference noise generator in the modified microwave radiometer has made it possible to simplify the device design at the system level while reducing the weight and power consumption and increasing sensitivity.,The novelty of the modified radiometer lies in the modification of the null method and the removal of high-temperature reference noise generators based on avalanche transit-time diodes. Further, the novelty lies in the invariance of measurement results toward changes in the receiver’s own noise and transmission factor while the design of the device has been simplified.

中文翻译：

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用于带有独立电源的传感器系统的微波辐射计

本文旨在描述一种新的微波辐射计，用于传感自然介质以解决各种应用科学问题。研究结果可以断言所描述的微波辐射计是具有独立电源的移动传感器系统的一部分的高效率。一种新的微波辐射计基于零值法的修改。已经通过使用两个参考噪声发生器实现了对零方法的修改。第一个参考噪声发生器是无源的，它的实现基于匹配的负载。低噪声放大器用作第二个参考噪声发生器。使用低噪声放大器作为参考噪声发生器是基于其输入端的噪声波产生效应，由此波形成低温噪声。在改进型微波辐射计中使用低噪声放大器作为参考噪声发生器,可以在系统级简化设备设计,同时减轻重量和功耗,提高灵敏度。,改进型辐射计的新颖之处在于在零点方法的修改和基于雪崩渡越时间二极管的高温参考噪声发生器的去除中。此外，新颖之处在于测量结果对接收器自身噪声和传输因子变化的不变性，同时简化了设备的设计。改进型辐射计的新颖之处在于对零点法的改进和去除了基于雪崩渡越时间二极管的高温参考噪声发生器。此外，新颖之处在于测量结果对接收器自身噪声和传输因子变化的不变性，同时简化了设备的设计。改进型辐射计的新颖之处在于对零点法的改进和去除了基于雪崩渡越时间二极管的高温参考噪声发生器。此外，新颖之处在于测量结果对接收器自身噪声和传输因子变化的不变性，同时简化了设备的设计。