The purpose of this paper is to empirically determine general models and methods for yield strength and modulus at different print orientations adequate for design purposes associated with typical fused deposition modeled (FDM) components/parts. Emphasis was placed on characterizing the impacts of anisotropy and resulting trends independent of material toward developing a method that matched the level of engineering required for current limited structural capabilities of FDM.,Tensile tests were performed with a range of unidirectional filament orientations of three different materials allowing for determination of the generalized models, which are then compared to previous findings of others.,Though anisotropic trends were similar to previous findings, minimum yield strength was found to be associated with filaments 75° from the loading direction resulting in a sinusoidal generalization. Modulus was found to be best approximated with an exponential decay. Resulting models allow for determination of yield strength and modulus in any orientation of FDM-printed material based on minimal testing.,This study is the widest range of angles and materials to be tested and analyzed for unidirectional FDM allowing for new trends to be identified. In line with the level of engineering required for most FDM components/parts, the resulting generalized models allow for determination of yield strength and modulus with less computation and minimal testing.

中文翻译：

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3D 打印聚合物单向各向异性特性的广义模型

本文的目的是根据经验确定不同印刷方向下屈服强度和模量的通用模型和方法，这些模型和方法足以满足与典型熔融沉积建模 (FDM) 组件/部件相关的设计目的。重点放在表征各向异性的影响和独立于材料的趋势，以开发一种方法，该方法与 FDM 当前有限的结构能力所需的工程水平相匹配。使用三种不同材料的一系列单向长丝取向进行拉伸测试允许确定广义模型，然后将其与其他人先前的发现进行比较。虽然各向异性趋势与先前的发现相似，发现最小屈服强度与与加载方向成 75° 的细丝有关，从而导致正弦概括。发现模量最好用指数衰减近似。由此产生的模型允许基于最少的测试确定 FDM 打印材料在任何方向的屈服强度和模量。,这项研究是单向 FDM 测试和分析的最广泛的角度和材料，允许识别新趋势。与大多数 FDM 组件/零件所需的工程水平一致，由此产生的广义模型允许以较少的计算和最少的测试来确定屈服强度和模量。由此产生的模型允许基于最少的测试确定 FDM 打印材料在任何方向的屈服强度和模量。本研究是单向 FDM 测试和分析的最广泛的角度和材料，允许识别新趋势。与大多数 FDM 组件/零件所需的工程水平一致，由此产生的广义模型允许以较少的计算和最少的测试来确定屈服强度和模量。由此产生的模型允许基于最少的测试确定 FDM 打印材料在任何方向的屈服强度和模量。本研究是单向 FDM 测试和分析的最广泛的角度和材料，允许识别新趋势。与大多数 FDM 组件/零件所需的工程水平一致，由此产生的广义模型允许以较少的计算和最少的测试来确定屈服强度和模量。