In the past decade, three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained attention in areas such as medicine, engineering, manufacturing art and most recently in education. In biomedical, the development of a wide range of biomaterials has catalysed the considerable role of 3D printing (3DP), where it functions as synthetic frameworks in the form of scaffolds, constructs or matrices. The purpose of this paper is to present the state-of-the-art literature coverage of 3DP applications in tissue engineering (such as customized scaffoldings and organs, and regenerative medicine).,This review focusses on various 3DP techniques and biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) applications. The literature reviewed in the manuscript has been collected from various journal search engines including Google Scholar, Research Gate, Academia, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The keywords that have been selected for the searches were 3 D printing, tissue engineering, scaffoldings, organs, regenerative medicine, biomaterials, standards, applications and future directions. Further, the sub-classifications of the keyword, wherever possible, have been used as sectioned/sub-sectioned in the manuscript.,3DP techniques have many applications in biomedical and TE (B-TE), as covered in the literature. Customized structures for B-TE applications are easy and cost-effective to manufacture through 3DP, whereas on many occasions, conventional technologies generally become incompatible. For this, this new class of manufacturing must be explored to further capabilities for many potential applications.,This review paper presents a comprehensive study of the various types of 3DP technologies in the light of their possible B-TE application as well as provides a future roadmap.

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组织工程中的 3D 打印：技术和生物材料的最新评论

在过去十年中，三维 (3D) 打印在医学、工程、制造艺术以及最近的教育等领域受到了关注。在生物医学中，广泛的生物材料的发展促进了 3D 打印 (3DP) 的重要作用，它以支架、构造或矩阵的形式作为合成框架发挥作用。本文的目的是展示 3DP 在组织工程中的应用（如定制支架和器官，以及再生医学）的最新文献报道。本综述重点关注组织工程中的各种 3DP 技术和生物材料。 (TE) 应用程序。手稿中审查的文献来自各种期刊搜索引擎，包括 Google Scholar、Research Gate、Academia、PubMed、Scopus、EMBASE、Cochrane 图书馆和科学网。被选中进行搜索的关键词是3D打印、组织工程、支架、器官、再生医学、生物材料、标准、应用和未来方向。此外，在可能的情况下，关键字的子分类已在手稿中用作分段/分段。3DP 技术在生物医学和 TE (B-TE) 中有许多应用，如文献中所述。用于 B-TE 应用的定制结构通过 3DP 制造既简单又具有成本效益，而在许多情况下，传统技术通常变得不兼容。为此，必须探索这种新的制造类别，以进一步提高许多潜在应用的能力。