This paper aims to summarize the up-to-date research performed on combinations of various biofibers and resin systems used in different three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies, including powder-based, material extrusion, solid-sheet and liquid-based systems. Detailed information about each process, including materials used and process design, are described, with the resultant products’ mechanical properties compared with those of 3D-printed parts produced from pure resin or different material combinations. In most processes introduced in this paper, biofibers are beneficial in improving the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts and the biodegradability of the parts made using these green materials is also greatly improved. However, research on 3D printing of biofiber-reinforced composites is still far from complete, and there are still many further studies and research areas that could be explored in the future.,The paper starts with an overview of the current scenario of the composite manufacturing industry and then the problems of advanced composite materials are pointed out, followed by an introduction of biocomposites. The main body of the paper covers literature reviews of recently emerged 3D printing technologies that were applied to biofiber-reinforced composite materials. This part is classified into subsections based on the form of the starting materials used in the 3D printing process. A comprehensive conclusion is drawn at the end of the paper summarizing the findings by the authors.,Most of the biofiber-reinforced 3D-printed products exhibited improved mechanical properties than products printed using pure resin, indicating that biofibers are good replacements for synthetic ones. However, synthetic fibers are far from being completely replaced by biofibers due to several of their disadvantages including higher moisture absorbance, lower thermal stability and mechanical properties. Many studies are being performed to solve these problems, yet there are still some 3D printing technologies in which research concerning biofiber-reinforced composite parts is quite limited. This paper unveils potential research directions that would further develop 3D printing in a sustainable manner.,This paper is a summary of attempts to use biofibers as reinforcements together with different resin systems as the starting material for 3D printing processes, and most of the currently available 3D printing techniques are included herein. All of these attempts are solutions to some principal problems with current 3D printing processes such as the limit in the variety of materials and the poor mechanical performance of 3D printed parts. Various types of biofibers are involved in these studies. This paper unveils potential research directions that would further widen the use of biofibers in 3D printing in a sustainable manner.

中文翻译：

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生物纤维增强复合材料的 3D 打印及其机械性能：综述

本文旨在总结对用于不同三维 (3D) 打印技术的各种生物纤维和树脂系统组合的最新研究，包括粉末基、材料挤出、固体片材和液体基系统。描述了每个工艺的详细信息，包括使用的材料和工艺设计，并将所得产品的机械性能与由纯树脂或不同材料组合生产的 3D 打印部件的机械性能进行比较。在本文介绍的大多数工艺中，生物纤维有利于提高 3D 打印部件的机械性能，并且使用这些绿色材料制成的部件的生物降解性也大大提高。然而，生物纤维增强复合材料的 3D 打印研究还远未完成，未来还有很多进一步的研究和研究领域可以探索。,本文首先概述了复合材料制造行业的现状，然后指出了先进复合材料存在的问题，然后进行了介绍的生物复合材料。该论文的主体涵盖了最近出现的应用于生物纤维增强复合材料的 3D 打印技术的文献综述。这部分根据 3D 打印过程中使用的起始材料的形式分为几个小节。论文最后总结了作者的研究结果，得出了一个综合结论。大多数生物纤维增强的 3D 打印产品比使用纯树脂打印的产品表现出更好的机械性能，表明生物纤维是合成纤维的良好替代品。然而，合成纤维还远未完全被生物纤维取代，因为它们有几个缺点，包括较高的吸湿性、较低的热稳定性和机械性能。许多研究正在开展以解决这些问题，但仍有一些 3D 打印技术对生物纤维增强复合材料部件的研究非常有限。本文揭示了以可持续的方式进一步发展 3D 打印的潜在研究方向。本文总结了将生物纤维作为增强材料与不同树脂系统作为 3D 打印过程起始材料的尝试，以及目前大多数可用的3D 打印技术包括在本文中。所有这些尝试都是为了解决当前 3D 打印工艺的一些主要问题，例如材料种类的限制和 3D 打印部件的机械性能差。这些研究涉及各种类型的生物纤维。本文揭示了潜在的研究方向，以可持续的方式进一步扩大生物纤维在 3D 打印中的应用。