This study aims to explain and illustrate the character of Russian systems thinking and to show how it is different and similar to traditions in the West. This study’s second aim is to describe the contributions of some Russian scientists to developing systems thinking and the theory of evolution. This study introduces the predecessors of Charles Darwin in Russia, both supporters and critics of his ideas, as well as scientists who have made similar contributions to the development of systems thinking, particularly Vladimir Vernadsky and Alexander Bogdanov.,Philosophical and theoretical comparisons. In the Russian intellectual tradition, the terms “Russia” and the “West” are likely codes for signifying fundamental philosophical questions about the universality of thinking and culture. The term “West” means universal, rational truth without taking into consideration any differences in life and cultural practice. The term “Russia” means impossibility of such a universal truth and a necessity to look for solutions on the level of life, not only on the level of rational thinking.,Paying attention to differences in approaches to systems and cybernetics and the theory of evolution will enrich the further development of systems sciences in Russia and the West. The paper examines the philosophical underpinnings of science rather than just testing or extending an existing theory. The result is better mutual understanding among scientists with different backgrounds.,This study suggests new avenues for research and expands the range of conceptual possibilities. It improves mutual understanding among scholars and countries. Also, it adds to the topics discussed within the field of systems and cybernetics and the theory of evolution.

中文翻译：

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了解一些俄罗斯科学家对发展系统思维和进化论的贡献

本研究旨在解释和说明俄罗斯系统思维的特征，并展示它与西方传统的不同之处和相似之处。本研究的第二个目的是描述一些俄罗斯科学家对发展系统思维和进化论的贡献。本研究介绍了查尔斯·达尔文在俄罗斯的前辈，他的思想的支持者和批评者，以及对系统思维发展做出类似贡献的科学家，特别是弗拉基米尔·维尔纳茨基和亚历山大·博格丹诺夫，哲学和理论的比较。在俄罗斯知识分子传统中，“俄罗斯”和“西方”这两个术语很可能是表示关于思想和文化普遍性的基本哲学问题的代码。“西方”这个词的意思是普遍的，不考虑生活和文化实践中的任何差异的理性真理。“俄罗斯”一词意味着不可能有这样的普遍真理，需要在生活层面上寻求解决方案，而不仅仅是在理性思考层面上。,关注系统和控制论以及进化论方法的差异将丰富俄罗斯和西方系统科学的进一步发展。该论文考察了科学的哲学基础，而不仅仅是测试或扩展现有理论。结果是不同背景的科学家之间更好地相互理解。,这项研究提出了新的研究途径并扩展了概念可能性的范围。它增进了学者和国家之间的相互了解。还，