Purpose

This study aims to compare the techno-scientific systems of four Latin American countries: Panama and Costa Rica for Central America and Uruguay and Paraguay for South America. The overall objective is to explore their performance in terms of generation of knowledge in science and technology using the triple helix model as a framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological approach applied was scientometric and bibliometric. The management of the techno-scientific governance in each country was analysed; input, process and output indicators were applied and a table of correlated factors was generated to determine the capabilities of each. The triple helix was used as a framework, as the study assessed the capabilities of the three actors in this model (academia, industry and government).

Findings

By studying this type of small Latin American techno-scientific worlds and the interrelationships between the three actors examined, it can be seen that there is a limited supply of certified knowledge and weak interactions between these helixes and this restricts the development of innovation initiatives.

Originality/value

There is little evidence of evaluations of the techno-scientific systems of peripheral countries and even less of the smaller ones. By cross-referencing governance information with indicators and generating a multi-factorial matrix, new knowledge is being generated that will contribute both to the general knowledge and to the improvement of public policy decisions in these countries.

中文翻译：

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小型拉丁美洲技术科学世界的动态。三重螺旋视图

目的

本研究旨在比较四个拉丁美洲国家的技术科学体系：中美洲的巴拿马和哥斯达黎加，南美洲的乌拉圭和巴拉圭。总体目标是使用三重螺旋模型作为框架来探索其在科学和技术知识生成方面的表现。

设计/方法/方法

所采用的方法学方法是科学计量学和文献计量学。分析了每个国家的技术科学治理管理；应用了输入，过程和输出指标，并生成了相关因素表，以确定每个指标的功能。使用三重螺旋作为框架，因为该研究评估了该模型中三个参与者（学术界，行业和政府）的能力。

发现

通过研究这种小型的拉丁美洲技术科学世界以及所考察的三个参与者之间的相互关系，可以看出，认证知识的供应有限，这些螺旋之间的相互作用较弱，这限制了创新计划的发展。

创意/价值

几乎没有证据表明对外围国家的技术科学体系进行了评估，甚至较小的国家也没有。通过将治理信息与指标进行交叉引用并生成多因素矩阵，将产生新知识，这些知识将有助于这些国家的常识和公共政策决策的改善。