Interactions of different additive types for antiwear/friction modification on surfaces can be synergistic or antagonistic in nature. This paper aims to investigate whether there are interactions between different additives in the adsorption process and whether they synergistic or antagonistic. The yielded correlations will be validated with tribological experiments to answer the question whether synergistic effects in adsorption also lead to synergistic effects in wear reduction.,In a representative study, zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphate and dithiophosphate were elaborated in combination with two different friction modifiers, a glycerol monooleate and an organic friction modifier. As base oils, mineral oil and poly alpha olefine were used. The adsorption behavior was studied via quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation using Fe2O3 coated quartz crystals. The tribological performance was evaluated in a ball-on-three disk tribometer. White light interferometry was used to determine the wear volume and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiles of the tribofilms were obtained on selected systems.,The combination of dithiophosphate and an organic friction modifier (OFM) revealed a synergistic effect in terms of wear. If the initially formed films are viscoelastic, the third body formation during a tribo experiment is more pronounced and thereby wear can be reduced. As a mechanism, the adsorption of the OFM on the formed antiwear layer is proposed.,Correlating the analytical findings with performance experiments provides further understanding of the interactions between different constituents and their implications on film formation processes and wear reduction mechanisms.,The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2019-0293/

中文翻译：

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抗磨和摩擦改进剂添加剂的协同作用

用于表面抗磨/摩擦改性的不同添加剂类型的相互作用在本质上可以是协同或拮抗的。本文旨在研究吸附过程中不同添加剂之间是否存在相互作用，以及它们是协同还是拮抗。产生的相关性将通过摩擦学实验进行验证，以回答吸附中的协同效应是否也会导致磨损减少的协同效应。在一项代表性研究中，二烷基二硫代磷酸锌和二硫代磷酸锌与两种不同的摩擦改性剂结合使用，甘油单油酸酯和有机摩擦改进剂。使用矿物油和聚α烯烃作为基础油。吸附行为是通过石英晶体微天平使用 Fe2O3 涂层石英晶体进行耗散研究的。摩擦学性能在球对三圆盘摩擦计中进行评估。白光干涉测量法用于确定磨损量，并在选定的系统上获得摩擦膜的 X 射线光电子能谱深度分布。二硫代磷酸盐和有机摩擦改性剂 (OFM) 的组合显示出在磨损方面的协同作用。如果最初形成的薄膜是粘弹性的，摩擦实验期间的第三体形成更加明显，从而可以减少磨损。作为一种机制，提出了 OFM 在形成的抗磨层上的吸附。