The human-animal interface plays a vital role in the spread of zoonotic diseases, such as plague, which led to the “Black Death”, the most serious human disaster in medieval Europe. It is reported that more than 200 mammalian species including human beings are naturally infected with plague. Different species acting as different roles construct the transmission net for Yersinia pestis (plague pathogen), in which rodents are the main natural reservoirs. In previous studies, it focused on individual infection of human or animal, rather than cross-species infection. It is worth noting that rodent competition and human-rodent commensalism are rarely considered in the spread of plague. In order to describe it in more detail, we establish a new multi-host mathematical model to reflect the transmission dynamics of plague with wild rodents, commensal rodents and human beings, in which the roles of different species will no longer be at the same level. Mathematical models in epidemiology can clarify the interaction mechanism between plague hosts and provide a method to reflect the dynamic process of plague transmission more quickly and easily. According to our plague model, we redefine the environmental capacity K with interspecific interaction and obtain the reproduction number of zoonotic diseases R_Z⁰, which is an important threshold value to determine the zoonotic disease to break out or not. At the same time, we analyze the biological implications of zoonotic model, and then study some biological hypotheses that had never been proposed or verified before.

中文翻译：

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具有种间相互作用的多宿主人畜共患病模型对鼠疫传播的反思

人畜界面在诸如鼠疫之类的人畜共患疾病的传播中起着至关重要的作用，这种疾病导致了“黑死病”，这是中世纪欧洲最严重的人类灾难。据报道，包括人类在内的200多种哺乳动物自然感染了鼠疫。担当不同角色的不同物种构成了鼠疫耶尔森氏菌（鼠疫病原体）的传播网络，其中啮齿动物是主要的天然水库。在以前的研究中，它关注的是人或动物的个体感染，而不是跨物种感染。值得注意的是，鼠疫的蔓延很少考虑啮齿动物的竞争和啮齿动物的共鸣。为了更详细地描述它，我们建立了一个新的多宿主数学模型来反映鼠疫与野生啮齿动物的传播动态，普通啮齿动物和人类，其中不同物种的作用将不再处于同一水平。流行病学中的数学模型可以阐明鼠疫宿主之间的相互作用机制，并提供一种更快，更轻松地反映鼠疫传播动态过程的方法。根据我们的瘟疫模型，我们重新定义了环境容量K通过种间相互作用获得人畜共患病的繁殖数R _Z ⁰，这是确定人畜共患病是否发生的重要阈值。同时，我们分析了人畜共患病模型的生物学含义，然后研究了一些以前从未提出或验证过的生物学假设。