Neural coordination of bilateral power and precision finger movements,European Journal of Neuroscience

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Neural coordination of bilateral power and precision finger movements
European Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-18 , DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14911
Volker Dietz ₁

Affiliation

The dexterity of hands and fingers is related to the strength of control by cortico-motoneuronal connections which exclusively exist in primates. The cortical command is associated with a task-specific, rapid proprioceptive adaptation of forces applied by hands and fingers to an object. This neural control differs between “power grip” movements (e.g., reach and grasp of a cup) where hand and fingers act as a unity and “precision grip” movements (e.g., picking up a raspberry) where fingers move independently from the hand. In motor tasks requiring hands and fingers of both sides a “neural coupling” (reflected in bilateral reflex responses to unilateral stimulations) coordinates power grip movements (e.g., opening a bottle). In contrast, during bilateral precision movements, such as playing piano, the fingers of both hands move independently, due to a direct cortico-motoneuronal control, while the hands are coupled (e.g., to maintain the rhythm between the two sides). While most studies on prehension concern unilateral hand movements, many activities of daily life are tackled by bilateral power grips where a neural coupling serves for an automatic movement performance. In primates this mode of motor control is supplemented by a system that enables the uni- or bilateral performance of skilled individual finger movements.

中文翻译：

双边力量和精确手指运动的神经协调

手和手指的灵巧度与皮质运动神经元连接的控制强度有关，而皮质运动神经元连接仅存在于灵长类动物中。皮层命令与手和手指施加到物体上的力的特定任务、快速本体感受适应相关联。这种神经控制在手和手指作为一个整体的“强力抓握”运动（例如，伸手抓住杯子）和手指独立于手移动的“精确抓握”运动（例如，拿起覆盆子）之间有所不同。在需要两侧手和手指的运动任务中，“神经耦合”（反映在对单侧刺激的双侧反射反应中）协调抓握动作（例如，打开瓶子）。相比之下，在双边精密运动中，例如弹奏钢琴时，双手手指独立运动，由于直接的皮质运动神经元控制，而手是耦合的（例如，以保持两侧之间的节奏）。虽然大多数关于抓握的研究都涉及单侧手部运动，但日常生活中的许多活动都是通过双侧力量握把来解决的，其中神经耦合用于自动运动表现。在灵长类动物中，这种运动控制模式由一个系统补充，该系统能够实现熟练的单个手指运动的单侧或双侧性能。

更新日期：2020-07-18

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