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Limits of piriform silk adhesion-similar effects of substrate surface polarity on silk anchor performance in two spider species with disparate microhabitat use.
The Science of Nature ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s00114-020-01687-w
Jonas O Wolff 1 , Douglas Little 2 , Marie E Herberstein 1
Affiliation  

It has been suggested that physical interactions between biological and environmental surfaces may constrain ecological niche spaces. However, the mechanistic understanding of niche formation is frequently limited by the lack of information on the function and variation of these interactions. Here, we hypothesised that two closely related species of orb-web spiders have evolved different adhesion performance of web attachment (i.e. piriform silk) facilitating the occupation of contrasting microhabitats: plants versus rocks. Contrary to our prediction, we found that piriform silk adhesion was equally affected by surface chemistry in both species, with maximal adhesion on surfaces with high surface polarity and an average adhesion loss of 70–75% on low polar surfaces. Spiders did not respond to adhesion losses by increasing the anchor size, despite the repeated failure to attach their web to low polar surfaces. In a natural setting, poor adhesion on low polar surfaces may be mitigated by behavioural means, like the preference to place anchors on corrugated surface features such as leaf edges, or the spinning of multiple anchorages and formation of a bundled anchor line. Thus, microhabitat choice for web-building spiders may be governed by structural properties rather than surface chemistry. These results suggest that the repeatedly demonstrated effects of surface chemistry on bio-adhesion may be ecologically less important than assumed and that the role of behaviour in the evolution of bio-adhesion performance has been underestimated.

中文翻译:

梨状丝附着力的局限性-基材表面极性对两种使用不同生境的蜘蛛物种的丝锚性能的相似影响。

已经提出,生物和环境表面之间的物理相互作用可能会限制生态位空间。但是,由于缺乏有关这些相互作用的功能和变化的信息,因此对生态位形成的机理认识常常受到限制。在这里,我们假设两个紧密相关的球网蜘蛛物种进化出了不同的网片附着性能(即梨状蚕丝),从而促进了相对微生境的占领:植物与岩石。与我们的预测相反,我们发现梨形丝的附着力在两种物种中均受表面化学的影响,在具有高表面极性的表面上具有最大的附着力,而在低极性表面上的平均附着力损失为70-75%。蜘蛛没有通过增加锚的尺寸来应对附着力损失,尽管屡屡未能将其纤维网附着在低极性表面上。在自然环境中,可以通过行为方式来缓解在低极性表面上不良的附着力,例如,倾向于将锚固件放置在波纹状表面特征(如叶边缘)上,或者旋转多个锚固件并形成捆绑的锚索。因此,建网蜘蛛的微生境选择可能受结构特性而非表面化学的支配。这些结果表明,反复证明表面化学对生物粘附的影响在生态上可能不如设想的那么重要,并且行为在生物粘附性能演变中的作用被低估了。低极性表面上较差的附着力可通过行为手段来缓解,例如,倾向于将锚固件放置在波纹状表面特征(如叶边缘)上,或者将多个锚固件旋转并形成捆绑的锚索。因此,建网蜘蛛的微生境选择可能受结构特性而非表面化学的支配。这些结果表明,反复证明表面化学对生物粘附的影响在生态上可能不如设想的那么重要,并且行为在生物粘附性能演变中的作用被低估了。低极性表面上较差的附着力可通过行为手段来缓解,例如,倾向于将锚固件放置在波纹状表面特征(如叶边缘)上,或者将多个锚固件旋转并形成捆绑的锚索。因此,建网蜘蛛的微生境选择可能受结构特性而非表面化学的支配。这些结果表明,反复证明表面化学对生物粘附的影响在生态上可能不如设想的那么重要,并且行为在生物粘附性能演变中的作用被低估了。建网蜘蛛的微生境选择可能受结构特性而非表面化学的支配。这些结果表明,反复证明表面化学对生物粘附的影响在生态上可能不如设想的那么重要,并且行为在生物粘附性能演变中的作用被低估了。建网蜘蛛的微生境选择可能受结构特性而非表面化学的支配。这些结果表明,反复证明表面化学对生物粘附的影响在生态上可能不如设想的那么重要,并且行为在生物粘附性能演变中的作用被低估了。
更新日期:2020-07-19
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