Organic acids such as monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids or even more complex molecules such as sugar acids, have displayed great applicability in the industry as these compounds are used as platform chemicals for polymer, food, agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors. Chemical synthesis of these compounds from petroleum derivatives is currently their major source of production. However, increasing environmental concerns have prompted the production of organic acids by microorganisms. The current trend is the exploitation of industrial biowastes to sustain microbial cell growth and valorize biomass conversion into organic acids. One of the major bottlenecks for the efficient and cost-effective bioproduction is the export of organic acids through the microbial plasma membrane. Membrane transporter proteins are crucial elements for the optimization of substrate import and final product export. Several transporters have been expressed in organic acid-producing species, resulting in increased final product titers in the extracellular medium and higher productivity levels. In this review, the state of the art of plasma membrane transport of organic acids is presented, along with the implications for industrial biotechnology.

中文翻译：

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有机酸生物生产中的膜转运蛋白：最新技术和工业应用前景。

有机酸（如一元羧酸，二元羧酸或什至更复杂的分子（如糖酸））在工业上已显示出极大的适用性，因为这些化合物被用作聚合物，食品，农业和制药领域的平台化学品。由石油衍生物化学合成这些化合物是目前的主要生产来源。但是，对环境的日益关注促使微生物生产有机酸。当前的趋势是利用工业生物废物来维持微生物细胞的生长，并使生物质转化为有机酸。有效和具有成本效益的生物生产的主要瓶颈之一是有机酸通过微生物质膜的出口。膜转运蛋白是优化底物进口和最终产品出口的关键要素。在产生有机酸的物种中已经表达了几种转运蛋白，导致细胞外培养基中终产物效价的提高和生产率的提高。在这篇综述中，介绍了有机酸质膜运输的最新状态，以及对工业生物技术的影响。