Underwater shock waves generated by pulsed electrical discharges are an effective, economical, and environmentally friendly means of stimulating reservoirs, and this technology has received much attention and intensive research in the past few years. This paper reviews the main results of recent work on underwater electrical wire explosion (UEWE) for reservoir stimulation. A platform is developed for microsecond single-wire explosions in water, and diagnostics based on a voltage probe, current coil, pressure probe, photodiode, and spectrometer are used to characterize the UEWE process and accompanying shock waves. First, the UEWE characteristics under different discharge types are studied and general principles are clarified. Second, the shock-wave generation mechanism is investigated experimentally by interrupting the electrical energy injection into the wire at different stages of the wire-explosion process. It is found that the vaporization process is vital for the formation of shock waves, whereas the energy deposited after voltage collapse has only a limited effect. Furthermore, the relationships between the electrical-circuit and shock-wave parameters are investigated, and an empirical approach is developed for estimating the shock-wave parameters. Third, how the wire material and water state affect the wire-explosion process is studied. To adjust the shock-wave parameters, a promising method concerning energetic material load is proposed and tested. Finally, the fracturing effect of the pulsed-discharge shock waves is discussed, as briefly are some of the difficulties associated with UEWE-based reservoir stimulation.

中文翻译：

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油藏增产水下电线爆炸特性试验

脉冲放电产生的水下冲击波是一种有效、经济、环保的油藏增产手段，近年来该技术受到了广泛关注和深入研究。本文回顾了近期水下电线爆炸 (UEWE) 油藏增产工作的主要成果。开发了一个用于水中微秒单线爆炸的平台，并使用基于电压探头、电流线圈、压力探头、光电二极管和光谱仪的诊断来表征 UEWE 过程和伴随的冲击波。首先，研究了不同放电类型下的UEWE特性，阐明了一般原则。第二，通过在金属丝爆炸过程的不同阶段中断向金属丝中注入电能，对冲击波产生机制进行了实验研究。发现汽化过程对于冲击波的形成至关重要，而电压崩溃后沉积的能量仅具有有限的影响。此外，还研究了电路和冲击波参数之间的关系，并开发了一种经验方法来估计冲击波参数。第三，研究了线材和水的状态如何影响线材爆炸过程。为了调整冲击波参数，提出并测试了一种关于高能材料负载的有前途的方法。最后讨论了脉冲放电冲击波的压裂效应，