The generation of relativistic jets in active sources such as blazars is a complex problem with many aspects, most of them still not fully understood. Relativistic jets are likely produced by the accretion of matter and magnetic fields onto spinning black holes. Ergospheric dragging effects launch a Poynting-dominated outflow in the polar directions of these systems. Observations with very high resolution of the jet in the nearby radio galaxy M87 and evidence of extremely fast variability in the non-thermal radiation of several other objects indicate that charged particles produce synchrotron emission and gamma rays very close to the base of the jet. How these particles are injected into the magnetically shielded outflow is a mystery. Here we explore the effects of various processes in the hot accretion inflow close to the black hole that might result in the copious production of neutral particles which, through annihilation and decay in the jet’s funnel, might load the outflow with mass and charged particles on scales of a few Schwarzschild radii.

中文翻译：

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活跃银河核相对论射流基础上的物质起源

在诸如blazars之类的活跃源中产生相对论射流是一个复杂的问题，在许多方面，其中大多数仍未得到充分理解。相对论射流可能是由于物质和磁场积聚到旋转的黑洞上而产生的。人体工学的拖曳效应在这些系统的极性方向上引发了以Poynting为主的流出。在附近的射电星系M87中以极高的分辨率观察到的观测结果以及其他几个物体的非热辐射极快变化的证据表明，带电粒子产生的同步辐射和伽马射线非常接近于射流的底部。这些粒子如何注入到磁屏蔽的流出物中是一个谜。