1. Informed decisions for the selection of protected areas (PAs) are grounded in two general problems in Operations Research: the minimum set covering problem (minCost), where a set of ecological constraints are established as conservation targets and the minimum cost PAs are found, and the maximal coverage problem (maxCoverage) where the constraint is uniquely economic (i.e. a fixed budget) and the goal is to maximize the number of species having conservation targets adequately covered.
2. We adjust minCost and maxCoverage to accommodate the dynamic effects of climate change on species’ ranges. The selection of sites is replaced by the selection of time‐ordered sequences of sites (climate change corridors), and an estimate of the persistence of each species in corridors is calculated according to the expected suitability of each site in the respective time period and the capacity of species to disperse between consecutive sites along corridors. In these problems, conservation targets are expressed as desired (and attainable) species persistence levels. We also introduce a novel problem (minShortfall) that combines minCost and maxCoverage. Unlike these two problems, minShortfall allows persistence targets to be missed and minimizes the sum of those gaps (i.e. target shortfalls), subject to a limited budget.
3. We illustrate the three problems with a case study using climatic suitability estimates for 10 mammal species in the Iberian Peninsula under a climate change scenario until 2080. We compare solutions of the three problems with respect to species persistence and PA costs, under distinct settings of persistence targets, number of target‐fulfilled species and budgets. The solutions from different problems differed with regard to the areas to prioritize, their timings and the species whose persistence targets were fulfilled. This analysis also allowed identifying groups of species sharing corridors in optimal solutions, thus allowing important financial savings in site protection.
4. We suggest that enhancing species persistence is an adequate approach to cope with habitat shifts due to climate change. We trust the three problems discussed can provide complementary and valuable support for planners to anticipate decisions in order that the negative effects of climate change on species’ persistence are minimized.

中文翻译：

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重新审视最小覆盖范围，最大覆盖范围问题和最大受益区选择问题，以使与气候变化有关的保护计划有效

1. 选择保护区（PA）的明智决定基于运筹学中的两个普遍问题：最小集覆盖问题（minCost），其中建立了一系列生态约束作为保护目标并找到了最低成本PAs；以及最大覆盖率问题（maxCoverage），其中约束条件是唯一的经济因素（即固定预算），目标是最大程度地扩大具有适当保护目标的物种的数量。
2. 我们调整minCost和maxCoverage以适应气候变化对物种范围的动态影响。地点的选择被按时间顺序排列的地点（气候变化走廊）的选择所替代，并且走廊中每种物种的持久性的估算是根据每个地点在相应时间段内的适宜性和物种沿着走廊连续分布的能力。在这些问题中，保护目标表示为所需（和可达到）的物种持久性水平。我们还介绍了一个结合了minCost和maxCoverage的新问题（minShortfall）。与这两个问题不同，minShortfall 允许在预算有限的情况下错过持久性目标，并最小化这些差距的总和（即目标短缺）。
3. 我们使用气候变化情况下直到2080年的伊比利亚半岛10种哺乳动物的气候适宜性估计进行案例研究，说明了这三个问题。我们比较了在不同持久性设置下，物种持久性和PA成本这三个问题的解决方案目标，达到目标的物种数量和预算。不同问题的解决方案在优先领域，时间安排和实现持久性目标的物种方面有所不同。通过这种分析，还可以找到以最佳解决方案共享走廊的物种组，从而节省大量的场地保护费用。
4. 我们建议，增强物种的持久性是应对气候变化引起的栖息地变化的适当方法。我们相信，所讨论的三个问题可以为计划制定者预测决策提供补充和有价值的支持，从而最大程度地减少气候变化对物种持久性的负面影响。