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Optimized planting time and co‐growth duration reduce the yield difference between intercropped and sole soybean by enhancing soybean resilience toward size‐asymmetric competition
Food and Energy Security ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-18 , DOI: 10.1002/fes3.226 Shoaib Ahmed 1 , Muhammad Ali Raza 1 , Xiaoqin Yuan 1, 2 , Yongli Du 1, 3 , Nasir Iqbal 1 , Qamaruddin Chachar 4 , Aijaz Ahmed Soomro 4 , Faisal Ibrahim 1 , Sajad Hussain 1 , Xingcai Wang 1 , Weiguo Liu 1 , Wenyu Yang 1
Food and Energy Security ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-18 , DOI: 10.1002/fes3.226 Shoaib Ahmed 1 , Muhammad Ali Raza 1 , Xiaoqin Yuan 1, 2 , Yongli Du 1, 3 , Nasir Iqbal 1 , Qamaruddin Chachar 4 , Aijaz Ahmed Soomro 4 , Faisal Ibrahim 1 , Sajad Hussain 1 , Xingcai Wang 1 , Weiguo Liu 1 , Wenyu Yang 1
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Selecting optimum planting time (PT) in maize–soybean relay intercropping system (MSRI) is important to obtain higher intercrop yields because planting time decides the co‐growth duration and competitive ability of intercrop species in MSRI. However, little is known on how planting time (co‐growth duration) changes the interspecific interaction resulting in a seed‐yield difference between intercropping and sole cropping system. Therefore, this field study was initiated to determine the effects of changing co‐growth duration on competitive interactions, growth, and yield of intercrop species under MSRI. The sole soybean and relay‐cropped soybean were planted on PT1 (15–20 May, 90 days of co‐growth duration in MSRI); PT2 (5–10 June, 70 days of co‐growth duration in MSRI); and PT3 (25–30 June, 50 days of co‐growth duration in MSRI) to generate different size‐asymmetric competition between component crops in MSRI. Results showed that sole soybean produced the mean highest (2.93 t/ha) seed yield under PT2, and the mean lowest (2.51 t/ha) seed yield under PT1. However, in MSRI, PT3 increased the soybean yield by 29.1% and 13.3% compared to PT1 and PT2, respectively. The PT3 also increased the maize yield by 7.4% and 2.9% than PT1 and PT2, respectively, and it reduced the yield differences of maize and soybean between relay intercropping and sole cropping systems. In MSRI, decreased co‐growth duration promoted the soybean plants to achieve the higher crop growth rate, and biomass accumulation, which ultimately improved the soybean resilience toward size‐asymmetric competition created by maize plants. Furthermore, as compared to PT1 and PT2, planting time PT3 significantly increased the competitive ratio (by 10.1% and 17.3%, respectively) of soybean plants. Overall, the PT3 achieved the average highest land equivalent ratio of 1.63, which is significantly higher than PT1 (by 12.3%) and PT2 (by 10.6%). In conclusion, this study implied that in MSRI, the determination of proper soybean planting time (co‐growth duration) is one of the most critical factors to reduce the competition between the intercrops and to obtain higher crop yields.
中文翻译：
优化的播种时间和共生持续时间可通过增强大豆对不对称大小竞争的抗性来减少间作和单一大豆之间的产量差异
在玉米－大豆套作间作系统（MSRI）中选择最佳播种时间（PT）对于获得更高的间作产量很重要，因为播种时间决定了间作种在MSRI中的共生持续时间和竞争能力。然而，关于播种时间（共生持续时间）如何改变种间相互作用，导致间作与单一种植系统之间的种子产量差异知之甚少。因此，开始本田间研究以确定共生持续时间的变化对MSRI条件下间作物种间竞争相互作用，生长和产量的影响。唯一的大豆和套作大豆在PT 1种植（5月15日至20日，MSRI共生长90天）；PT 2（6月5日至10日，MSRI共成长70天）；和PT3（6月25日至30日，MSRI共生持续50天），以在MSRI中的组成作物之间产生不同的大小不对称竞争。结果表明，鞋底大豆生产的平均最高（2.93吨/公顷）的种子产量PT下2，平均最低（2.51吨/公顷）种子PT下的产量1。但是，在MSRI中，与PT 1和PT 2相比，PT 3分别使大豆增产29.1％和13.3％。PT 3也使玉米产量比PT 1和PT 2分别提高了7.4％和2.9％分别减少了套作和单一种植系统之间的玉米和大豆产量差异。在MSRI中，共生持续时间的减少促进了大豆植物实现更高的作物生长速度和生物量积累，从而最终提高了大豆对玉米植物产生的大小不对称竞争的适应力。此外，与PT 1和PT 2相比，播种时间PT 3显着提高了大豆植株的竞争率（分别提高了10.1％和17.3％）。总体而言，PT 3的平均最高土地当量比为1.63，大大高于PT 1（12.3％）和PT 2（减少10.6％）。总之，这项研究表明，在MSRI中，确定合适的大豆播种时间（共生持续时间）是减少间作间竞争并获得更高作物产量的最关键因素之一。
更新日期：2020-07-18
中文翻译：
优化的播种时间和共生持续时间可通过增强大豆对不对称大小竞争的抗性来减少间作和单一大豆之间的产量差异
在玉米－大豆套作间作系统（MSRI）中选择最佳播种时间（PT）对于获得更高的间作产量很重要，因为播种时间决定了间作种在MSRI中的共生持续时间和竞争能力。然而，关于播种时间（共生持续时间）如何改变种间相互作用，导致间作与单一种植系统之间的种子产量差异知之甚少。因此，开始本田间研究以确定共生持续时间的变化对MSRI条件下间作物种间竞争相互作用，生长和产量的影响。唯一的大豆和套作大豆在PT 1种植（5月15日至20日，MSRI共生长90天）；PT 2（6月5日至10日，MSRI共成长70天）；和PT3（6月25日至30日，MSRI共生持续50天），以在MSRI中的组成作物之间产生不同的大小不对称竞争。结果表明，鞋底大豆生产的平均最高（2.93吨/公顷）的种子产量PT下2，平均最低（2.51吨/公顷）种子PT下的产量1。但是，在MSRI中，与PT 1和PT 2相比，PT 3分别使大豆增产29.1％和13.3％。PT 3也使玉米产量比PT 1和PT 2分别提高了7.4％和2.9％分别减少了套作和单一种植系统之间的玉米和大豆产量差异。在MSRI中，共生持续时间的减少促进了大豆植物实现更高的作物生长速度和生物量积累，从而最终提高了大豆对玉米植物产生的大小不对称竞争的适应力。此外，与PT 1和PT 2相比，播种时间PT 3显着提高了大豆植株的竞争率（分别提高了10.1％和17.3％）。总体而言，PT 3的平均最高土地当量比为1.63，大大高于PT 1（12.3％）和PT 2（减少10.6％）。总之，这项研究表明，在MSRI中，确定合适的大豆播种时间（共生持续时间）是减少间作间竞争并获得更高作物产量的最关键因素之一。
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