Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been adopted as a useful analytical technique to quantitatively determine the bio-/chemical analytes with fingerprint recognition and non-destructivity in various fields. However, the well-developed SERS substrates are mostly noble metals, which are expensive, difficult for mass production, irreproducible and unstable in long run. To overcome these disadvantages, various two-dimensional (2D) materials have recently been developed to serve as substrates for SERS due to their low cost, easy synthesis, outstanding optical properties and good biocompatibility. Moreover, 2D materials show unique and excellent physicochemical properties, such as tunable electronic structures, high carrier mobility, chemical inertness, and flexibility. Herein, we review recent advances of 2D-material-based SERS substrates, with a special focus on the effects of composition and structure on the sensitivity and stability. The principles and applications of 2D materials in SERS enhancement are summarized and systematically discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of these 2D materials are proposed, orienting improved SERS performance and expanded applications. This work may arouse more awareness on design of 2D-material-based SERS substrates for in-depth study and practical applications.

表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）已被用作一种有用的分析技术，用于在各个领域中通过指纹识别和非破坏性定量测定生物/化学分析物。但是，发达的SERS基材主要是贵金属，价格昂贵，难以批量生产，不可复制且长期不稳定。为了克服这些缺点，近来已开发出各种二维（2D）材料作为SERS的基底，因为它们的成本低，易于合成，出色的光学性能和良好的生物相容性。此外，二维材料显示出独特而出色的物理化学特性，例如可调谐的电子结构，高载流子迁移率，化学惰性和柔韧性。在此，我们回顾一下基于2D材料的SERS基板的最新进展，特别关注组成和结构对灵敏度和稳定性的影响。总结并系统地讨论了二维材料在SERS增强中的原理和应用。最后，提出了这些2D材料的挑战和前景，以提高SERS性能和扩大应用范围为目标。这项工作可能会激发人们对基于2D材料的SERS基板设计进行深入研究和实际应用的认识。