The extreme south of Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic, presents a vast and interesting history of elasmobranchs occurrence records. This is a transition zone between warm tropical waters cold regions, which reflects in the great species diversity, including rare occurrences and endemism. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the composition and conservation status of elasmobranchs that occurs in state of the Rio Grande do Sul, south Brazil, through a detailed literature review and review lists of species deposited in regional, national and international collections. In total, 94 species were recorded (60.6% of Brazil elasmobranch biodiversity and 8% of the world), with 11 new records compared to the most recent study, distributed into 10 orders and 30 families. A total of 58 species of sharks were listed, most of them belonging to the order Carcharhiniformes (41.4%), followed by Squaliformes (27.6%), and 36 rays mainly of the orders Rajiformes (50.0%) and Myliobatiformes (30.5%). Concerning their conservation status, 26.6, 38.3 and 45.8% of the species are threatened (CR, EN, VU), at the regional, national and international levels, respectively. The intense fishing effort may be the main responsible for these results. Resumption of landings monitoring, inclusion of local ecological knowledge of fishermen, taxonomic and molecular identification of carcasses, are suggested as mitigating strategies.

在巴西的最南端，西南大西洋，呈现了巨大而有趣的历史记录。这是温暖的热带水域寒冷地区之间的过渡区，反映出物种的多样性，包括罕见的发生和地方特有。因此，本研究的目的是通过详细的文献综述和区域，国家和国际收藏物中的物种清单，来描述巴西南部南里奥格兰德州发生的s的组成和保护状况。总共记录了94个物种（占巴西弹biodiversity生物多样性的60.6％，占世界的8％），与最近的研究相比，有11个新记录，被分为10个科和30个科。总共列出了58种鲨鱼，它们中的大多数属于Car形目（41.4％），其次是鳞形目（27.6％），以及36种射线，主要是5形目（50.0％）和30形目（30.5％）。关于它们的保护状况，分别在区域，国家和国际级别上有26.6、38.3和45.8％的物种受到威胁（CR，EN，VU）。大量的捕鱼工作可能是造成这些结果的主要原因。建议将恢复登陆监测，纳入当地渔民生态知识，屠体的分类学和分子鉴定作为缓解策略。在区域，国家和国际各级。大量的捕鱼工作可能是造成这些结果的主要原因。建议将恢复登陆监测，纳入当地渔民生态知识，屠体的分类学和分子鉴定作为缓解策略。在区域，国家和国际各级。大量的捕鱼工作可能是造成这些结果的主要原因。建议将恢复登陆监测，纳入当地渔民生态知识，屠体的分类学和分子鉴定作为缓解策略。