Toe walking is observed in pathological populations including cerebral palsy, stroke, and autism spectrum disorder. To understand pathological toe walking, previous studies have analyzed non-habitual toe walking. These studies found sagittal plane deviations between heel-toe and toe walking at the hip, knee, and ankle. Further investigation is merited as toe walking may involve altered biomechanics at more distal joints, such as the midtarsal joint. The purpose of this study was to examine biomechanical differences between rearfoot strike walking (RFSW) and non-rearfoot strike walking (NRFSW) in the midfoot and ankle. We hypothesized that during NRFSW, midtarsal kinematics would diverge from those during RFSW in all three cardinal planes and ankle kinematics would display increased supination. Twenty-four healthy females walked overground with both walking patterns. Motion capture, electromyography (EMG), and force plate data were collected. A validated multi-segment foot model was used with mean difference waveform analyses to compare walking conditions during stance. Significantly different kinematics were found in all three planes for the midtarsal and ankle joint during NRFSW. The NRFSW midtarsal joint exhibited increased plantarflexion, eversion, and adduction with the largest differences occurring at initial contact and in the sagittal plane. The NRFSW ankle exhibited increased supination at initial contact and during early stance. These findings indicate that toe walking alters both distal and proximal foot joint kinematics in multiple planes. This may further the understanding of altered biomechanics during toe walking while providing a basis for future analyses of pathological gait.

在包括脑瘫，中风和自闭症谱系障碍在内的病理人群中观察到脚趾行走。为了了解病理性脚趾行走，以前的研究已经分析了非习惯性的脚趾行走。这些研究发现脚后跟和脚趾在髋部，膝盖和脚踝处行走时矢状面偏离。值得进一步研究，因为脚趾行走可能涉及更远端的关节（例如tar中关节）的生物力学改变。这项研究的目的是检查中足和脚踝的后足罢工行走（RFSW）和非后足罢工行走（NRFSW）之间的生物力学差异。我们假设在NRFSW期间，tar骨运动在所有三个主要平面上均与RFSW期间的运动有所不同，而踝部运动则显示出更多的旋后。24名健康女性以两种行走方式走上地面。收集运动捕获，肌电图（EMG）和测力板数据。使用经过验证的多段脚模型和均值差波形分析来比较站立时的步行情况。在NRFSW期间，在中tar部和踝关节的所有三个平面中发现了明显不同的运动学。NRFSW tar中关节表现出plant屈，外翻和内收增加，最大的差异发生在初次接触和矢状面。NRFSW脚踝在初次接触时和早期站立期间表现出增加的仰卧。这些发现表明脚趾行走在多个平面上改变了远端和近端足关节的运动学。