Abstract Complex bubble breakup in turbulence has been studied and modeled extensively by employing the population balance equation. This equation hinges on two quantities, i.e. daughter bubble size distribution and breakup frequency. Since there is no first-principle equation that can be solved to calculate these two quantities, many phenomenological models based on different physical mechanisms have been proposed. A large number of possible mechanisms at play leads to models with drastically different, and even contradictory, predictions. In contrast, experimental measurements of these two quantities, including several previous works and our own results collected in a vertical water tunnel that features a large homogeneous and isotropic region, seem to be consistent with one another. To resolve the difference between models and experiments, rather than following another physical argument, we approach the problem from a different direction by asking how to constrain a model based on experimental results. The specific constraints extracted from eight experimental results include: (i) direct measurements of daughter bubble size distribution; (ii) Super-Hinze-scale bubble size spectrum for constraining breakup frequency; (iii) Sub-Hinze-scale bubble size spectrum for modeling daughter bubble size distribution; (iv) Convergence time to an equilibrium state. Finally, based on these experimental constraints, a new breakup model that incorporates a corrected formulation for breakup frequency as well as a simplified function for daughter bubble distribution is developed to meet all constraints. Although the new model is deliberately not connected to any specific physical arguments for simplification, it appears to be robust and consistent with all experimental constraints mentioned.

中文翻译：

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通过实验约束建立湍流中的气泡破裂模型

摘要 湍流中复杂的气泡破裂已经通过使用种群平衡方程进行了广泛的研究和建模。该方程取决于两个量，即子气泡尺寸分布和破裂频率。由于没有可以求解的第一性原理方程来计算这两个量，因此提出了许多基于不同物理机制的现象学模型。大量可能的机制在起作用，导致模型的预测截然不同，甚至相互矛盾。相比之下，这两个量的实验测量，包括以前的一些工作和我们自己在具有大的均匀和各向同性区域的垂直水隧道中收集的结果，似乎彼此一致。为了解决模型和实验之间的差异，我们不是遵循另一个物理论点，而是通过询问如何根据实验结果约束模型，从不同的方向解决问题。从八个实验结果中提取的具体约束包括：(i) 子气泡尺寸分布的直接测量；(ii) 用于约束破裂频率的超 Hinze 尺度气泡尺寸谱；(iii) 亚 Hinze 尺度气泡尺寸谱，用于模拟子气泡尺寸分布；(iv) 达到平衡状态的收敛时间。最后，基于这些实验约束，开发了一种新的解体模型，该模型结合了解体频率的修正公式以及子气泡分布的简化函数，以满足所有约束条件。