OBJECTIVE To explore neurophysiological features of musicogenic epilepsy (ME), discussing experimental findings in the framework of a systematic review on ME. METHODS Two patients with ME underwent high-density-electroencephalography (hd-EEG) while listening to ictogenic songs. In one case, musicogenic seizures were elicited. Independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to hd-EEG, and components hosting interictal and ictal elements were identified and localized. Finally, the temporal dynamics of spike-density was studied relative to seizures. All findings were compared against the results of a systematic review on ME, collecting 131 cases. RESULTS Interictal spikes appeared isolated in specific fronto-temporal independent components, whose cortical generators were located in the anterior temporal and inferior frontal lobe. In the patient undergoing seizure, ictal discharge relied in the same component, with the interictal spike-density decreasing before the seizure onset. CONCLUSION Our study shows how ICA can isolate neurophysiological features of ictal and interictal discharges in ME, highlighting a fronto-temporal localization and a suppression of spike-density preceding the seizure onset. SIGNIFICANCE While the localization of ME activity could indicate which aspect within the musical stimulus might trigger musicogenic seizures for each patient, the study of ME dynamics could contribute to the development of models for seizure-prediction and their validation.

中文翻译：

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音乐性癫痫发作间期活动的时空动态：两例病例报告和文献系统回顾

目的 探讨音乐源性癫痫 (ME) 的神经生理学特征，在 ME 系统评价框架内讨论实验结果。方法 两名 ME 患者在听 ictogenic 歌曲的同时接受了高密度脑电图 (hd-EEG)。在一个案例中，引发了音乐性癫痫发作。独立成分分析 (ICA) 被应用于 hd-EEG，并且包含发作间期和发作期元素的成分被识别和定位。最后，研究了与癫痫发作相关的尖峰密度的时间动态。所有发现都与 ME 系统评价的结果进行了比较，收集了 131 例病例。结果发作间期尖峰出现在特定的额颞叶独立成分中，其皮质发生器位于前颞叶和下额叶。在癫痫发作的患者中，发作期放电依赖于相同的成分，发作间期尖峰密度在癫痫发作前下降。结论 我们的研究显示了 ICA 如何分离 ME 发作期和间期放电的神经生理学特征，突出了额颞区定位和癫痫发作前的尖峰密度抑制。意义 虽然 ME 活动的定位可以表明音乐刺激中的哪个方面可能会触发每位患者的音乐性癫痫发作，但 ME 动力学的研究可能有助于癫痫预测模型的开发及其验证。结论 我们的研究显示了 ICA 如何分离 ME 发作期和间期放电的神经生理学特征，突出了额颞区定位和癫痫发作前的尖峰密度抑制。意义 虽然 ME 活动的定位可以表明音乐刺激中的哪个方面可能会触发每位患者的音乐性癫痫发作，但 ME 动力学的研究可能有助于癫痫预测模型的开发及其验证。结论 我们的研究显示了 ICA 如何分离 ME 发作期和间期放电的神经生理学特征，突出了额颞区定位和癫痫发作前的尖峰密度抑制。意义 虽然 ME 活动的定位可以表明音乐刺激中的哪个方面可能会触发每位患者的音乐性癫痫发作，但 ME 动力学的研究可能有助于癫痫预测模型的开发及其验证。