Rice is one of the most widely consumed staple foods in the world, generating enormous biomass residues. In recent years, the abundance of residues as well as recent advancements in conversion technologies has improved the viability of bioenergy from rice residues as a potential source of renewable energy. This review assesses the technical barriers in converting rice residues (particularly rice straw and rice husk) to bioenergy around the globe and highlights the issues involved in current technologies. Strategies to resolve those barriers are recommended for thermochemical and biochemical conversion technologies. A comprehensive summary on the latest developments on conversion technologies is presented. The work also discusses the latest works in high value–added products from rice biomass conversion focused on lactic acid, levulinic acid, xylose, adsorbents for contaminants, alternative materials in the construction industry, and applications in renewable energy. Future perspectives and research gaps are also elucidated.

大米是世界上消费最广泛的主食之一，会产生大量生物质残留物。近年来，大量残留物以及转化技术的最新进展提高了稻米残留物作为潜在可再生能源的生物能源的生存能力。这篇综述评估了将稻米残留物（特别是稻草和稻壳）转化为生物能源的技术障碍，并着重介绍了当前技术所涉及的问题。对于热化学和生物化学转化技术，建议采取解决这些障碍的策略。介绍了有关转换技术最新发展的全面摘要。该工作还讨论了从稻米生物质转化获得的高附加值产品的最新成果，重点是乳酸，乙酰丙酸，木糖，污染物吸附剂，建筑行业的替代材料以及可再生能源的应用。还阐明了未来的观点和研究差距。