Perceived milk supply is an important modifiable factor for optimal breastfeeding. However, little is known about maternal perception of milk supply or how it impacts breastfeeding practices. The aim of this study was to examine relationships of perceived milk supply, maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, and skin-to-skin contact with early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of infants less than 6 months of age in Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia between August and October 2015. Maternal perception of milk supply was assessed using the Hill and Humenick Lactation Scale. Data on breastfeeding practices, and maternal and infant factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multiple regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain estimates of associations. Thirty four percent of mothers had initiated breastfeeding within an hour after birth, and 62.4% of mothers were exclusively breastfeeding. High levels of perceived breast milk supply were reported in mothers who practiced skin-to-skin contact or rooming-in with their infants, experienced positive infant sucking behavior, or had high breastfeeding self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Mothers with a higher level of perceived milk production (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.20; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.76, 5.83) or practicing skin-to-skin contact (OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.13, 4.91) were more likely to exclusively breastfeed, while employed mothers were less likely to breastfeed their infants exclusively (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.24, 0.93). In this study, skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding self-efficacy are important determinants of perceived milk supply. Higher perception of milk supply was positively linked with exclusive breastfeeding. Our study highlights the importance of the assessment for mother’s perception of milk supply, maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, and skin-to-skin contact in achieving optimal breastfeeding outcomes.

中文翻译：

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产后前六个月感知母乳供应量与纯母乳喂养之间的关系：一项横断面研究。

感知的乳汁供应量是优化母乳喂养的一个重要的可变因素。然而，关于母亲对母乳供应的看法或它如何影响母乳喂养实践知之甚少。本研究的目的是检查印度尼西亚 6 个月以下婴儿的母亲对母乳供应量的感知、母亲母乳喂养的自我效能感以及皮肤接触与早期开始和纯母乳喂养之间的关系。这是一项横断面研究，于 2015 年 8 月至 10 月在印度尼西亚日惹市进行。使用 Hill 和 Humenick 泌乳量表评估了母亲对牛奶供应的看法。使用结构化问卷收集有关母乳喂养做法以及母婴因素的数据。进行多元回归和多元逻辑回归分析以获得关联的估计。34% 的母亲在出生后一小时内开始母乳喂养，62.4% 的母亲完全母乳喂养。在与婴儿进行皮肤接触或同住、经历过积极的婴儿吸吮行为或具有高母乳喂养自我效能感的母亲中报告了高水平的母乳供应量（p < 0.05）。感知产奶量水平较高（优势比 [OR] 3.20；95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.76, 5.83）或进行皮肤接触（OR 2.36；95% CI 1.13, 4.91）的母亲更有可能完全母乳喂养，而受雇母亲不太可能完全母乳喂养婴儿（OR 0.47；95% CI 0.24, 0.93）。在这项研究中，皮肤接触和母乳喂养的自我效能感是感知母乳供应量的重要决定因素。对母乳供应的更高认知与纯母乳喂养呈正相关。我们的研究强调了评估母亲对母乳供应的看法、母亲母乳喂养的自我效能感和皮肤接触对实现最佳母乳喂养结果的重要性。