Large dam projects (i.e., those exceeding 15 m) often make headlines for their poor performance and their negative social and environmental impacts. The world register characterizes dams by height, purpose (e.g., irrigation), and type (e.g., rock-fill). Thus, large dams differ in many technical ways, but because practitioners still lack a framework to sort them into different types for management purposes, they tend to manage them in a one-size-fits-all manner. Shenhar and Dvir's NTCP (novelty, technology, complexity, and pace) model (2007) may be a good fit as large dams experience high unforeseen technological uncertainty. In this paper, through observations, a case study, a qualitative analysis of 42 interviews with project managers, and a quantitative analysis, we examined 30 large dam projects in Africa and sorted them into different categories according to the NTCP model. Going beyond the rather static NTCP, we identified their underlying NTCP characteristics and the variety of roles that their project managers played throughout the lifecycle, and highlighted the dynamic fit between the roles and NTCP characteristics. Since different characteristics and project manager's roles are prominent at different phases, project managers should sort dams into different types based on the NTCP model at different phases, and tailor their roles accordingly for more success.

中文翻译：

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将项目经理的角色与项目类型相匹配：来自非洲大型水坝项目的证据

大型水坝项目（即超过 15 m 的项目）经常因其性能不佳以及对社会和环境的负面影响而成为头条新闻。世界名录根据高度、用途（例如灌溉）和类型（例如堆石）来描述大坝的特征。因此，大型水坝在许多技术方面有所不同，但由于从业者仍然缺乏一个框架，将它们分为不同类型以进行管理，他们倾向于以一刀切的方式管理它们。Shenhar 和 Dvir 的 NTCP（新颖性、技术、复杂性和速度）模型（2007 年）可能非常适合，因为大型水坝经历了高度不可预见的技术不确定性。在本文中，通过观察、案例研究、对 42 次项目经理访谈的定性分析和定量分析，我们检查了非洲的 30 个大型水坝项目，并根据 NTCP 模型将它们分为不同的类别。超越相当静态的 NTCP，我们确定了它们的潜在 NTCP 特征以及他们的项目经理在整个生命周期中扮演的各种角色，并强调了角色和 NTCP 特征之间的动态匹配。由于不同的特点和项目经理在不同阶段的作用突出，项目经理应根据不同阶段的NTCP模型将大坝分类为不同的类型，并相应地调整他们的角色以取得更大的成功。并强调了角色和 NTCP 特征之间的动态匹配。由于不同的特点和项目经理在不同阶段的作用突出，项目经理应根据不同阶段的NTCP模型将大坝分类为不同的类型，并相应地调整他们的角色以取得更大的成功。并强调了角色和 NTCP 特征之间的动态匹配。由于不同的特点和项目经理在不同阶段的作用突出，项目经理应根据不同阶段的NTCP模型将大坝分类为不同的类型，并相应地调整他们的角色以取得更大的成功。