This paper presents a novel blockchain-based energy trading architecture for electric vehicles (EVs) within smart cities. By allowing local renewable energy providers to supply public charging stations, EV drivers can gain access to affordable energy and optimally plan for their charging operations. For this purpose, we present a smart-contract based trading platform that runs on top of a private Ethereum network. Contrary to existing solutions, we rely on the legacy billing and metering of the existing utility company in order to avoid making major changes to the existing infrastructure. The trading logic, including the auction mechanism, used to exchange energy can be defined in a smart-contract and applied within the platform. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of some existing auction mechanisms and the underlying private Ethereum network in supporting the corresponding energy trading transaction load. We develop a virtualization-based simulator for Ethereum and measure both the transaction throughput and latency under different network and workload scenarios. The obtained results have shown that the current Ethereum implementation can support charging requests from EVs during peak hours in very crowded cities, such as Singapore.

中文翻译：

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基于区块链的智慧城市电动汽车充电交易平台

本文提出了一种新颖的基于区块链的智能城市中电动汽车（EV）的能源交易架构。通过允许当地的可再生能源提供商为公共充电站供电，电动汽车驾驶员可以使用负担得起的能源，并为充电操作进行最佳规划。为此，我们提出了一个基于智能合约的交易平台，该平台运行在以太坊专用网络的顶部。与现有解决方案相反，我们依靠现有公用事业公司的旧账单和计费方式，以避免对现有基础架构进行重大更改。可以在智能合约中定义用于交易能量的交易逻辑（包括拍卖机制），并将其应用于平台中。我们进行了广泛的实验，以评估一些现有拍卖机制和底层专用以太坊网络在支持相应的能源交易交易负载方面的性能。我们为以太坊开发了基于虚拟化的模拟器，并测量了不同网络和工作负载情况下的事务吞吐量和延迟。获得的结果表明，当前的以太坊实施可以支持在人口稠密的城市（例如新加坡）在高峰时段电动汽车的充电请求。