ABSTRACT Groundwater (GW) storage plays a critical role in the sustainable development of the water-energy-food nexus of a country. Intensive exploitation of GW for irrigation has led to severe water deficit in many parts of India. Severe droughts (meteorological drought) further increases the rate of GW depletion. In the last decade, India witnessed severe droughts during 2002, 2009, and 2012. However, the critical change in the rate of GW depletion in India after frequent severe droughts remains unidentified. Here, we have devised a methodology to detect the point of maximum fluctuation in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) based GW time series using change point analysis. The occurrence of 2009 severe drought has significantly affected the GW balance over the majority of India. Our study indicates the transition in the GW trend observed in South India from positive to negative post-2009 drought. In the southern states, Karnataka indicates a maximum GW depletion rate of 0.25 cm per month for a time period from 2009 to 2016.

中文翻译：

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严重干旱后印度地下水储量变化趋势

摘要 地下水 (GW) 储存在一个国家水-能源-食物关系的可持续发展中起着至关重要的作用。大量利用 GW 进行灌溉导致印度许多地区严重缺水。严重干旱（气象干旱）进一步增加了 GW 消耗的速度。在过去十年中，印度在 2002 年、2009 年和 2012 年期间经历了严重干旱。然而，在频繁的严重干旱之后，印度的 GW 耗竭率发生了怎样的重大变化仍然未知。在这里，我们设计了一种方法来使用变化点分析检测基于重力恢复和气候实验 (GRACE) 的 GW 时间序列中的最大波动点。2009 年严重干旱的发生严重影响了印度大部分地区的吉瓦平衡。我们的研究表明，在印度南部观察到的 GW 趋势从 2009 年后干旱从积极转变为消极。在南部各州，卡纳塔克邦在 2009 年至 2016 年期间的最大 GW 消耗率为每月 0.25 厘米。