Endemicity is a key consideration for conservation, and taxa that are endemic to a single country are vaulable conservation targets. In this study, we investigate endemic species of the genus Campanula in northern Iberian Peninsula based on sequences of nrDNA (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) and plastid regions (rbcL, trnL-F and trnS-G) and additionally the secondary structure of ITS2. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the evolutionary history of Campanula gr. arvatica from the Cantabrian Range (northern Iberian Peninsula) and establish phylogeographical patterns. Our results showed that molecular data from nuclear DNA and plastid regions should be applied for management and conservation strategies to monitor this endemic group from northern Spain. Furthermore, molecular evidence indicates significant differences among the three taxa analysed and shows the importance of the Cantabrian Mountains as a refuge for endemic Iberian flora in which processes of neo-speciation and/or crypto-speciation are under way.

中文翻译：

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风铃草的系统地理学模式。arvatica，坎塔布连山脉（伊比利亚半岛西北部）的一个地方性群体，基于质体和核 DNA 多态性

地方性是保护的一个关键考虑因素，一个国家特有的分类群是有价值的保护目标。在这项研究中，我们根据 nrDNA（内部转录间隔区，ITS）和质体区域（rbcL、trnL-F 和 trnS-G）的序列以及 ITS2 的二级结构研究了伊比利亚半岛北部风铃属的特有物种。这项工作的主要目的是评估风铃草的进化历史。来自坎塔布连山脉（伊比利亚半岛北部）的 arvatica 并建立系统地理学模式。我们的结果表明，来自核 DNA 和质体区域的分子数据应应用于管理和保护策略，以监测来自西班牙北部的这个地方性群体。此外，