Oil palm waste has been widely used in activated carbon (AC) by applying various activation methods and degrees of processing. The aim of this paper was to conduct technoeconomic assessment for pilot‐scale oil palm based AC (OPbAC) production to evaluate cost of these methods using different activation and post‐activation surface modification processes. Based on the assumptions in earlier publications, the pilot‐scale evaluation was estimated by summation of fixed capital investment with total annual operating costs according to the percentages of total equipment cost reported in the literature. The proposed investment in constructing and operating three different types of AC manufacturing facility is investigated by the net present value (NPV) method. The evaluation revealed that the physical activation process required lower fixed capital investment ($2.12 million) and annual operating cost ($1.53 million) compared to chemical and physiochemical processes with respective total fixed capital investment ($6.32 million) and total annual operating cost ($2.57 million). The NPV results reported that positive NPVs are evaluated for all three manufacturing facilities and the proposed investments associated with these facilities are acceptable. The highest production cost related to chemical activation with ZnCl₂ in the presence or absence of an oxidizing gas was estimated to be $3.24 per kg AC, whereas the lowest production cost of $2.72 per kg AC was found for steam activation that required no additional purchase of commodity chemicals. On the other hand, a modification by impregnation using magnesium oxide estimates the highest additional modified AC product cost at $8.60 per kg AC given its high purchased chemical price. These findings are beneficial in providing preliminary insights in terms of economic aspects for OPbAC production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

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油棕废料活性炭的生产成本分析：中试评估

通过应用各种活化方法和加工程度，油棕废料已广泛用于活性炭（AC）中。本文的目的是对中试油棕基AC（OPbAC）生产进行技术经济评估，以评估使用不同活化和活化后表面改性工艺的这些方法的成本。根据早期出版物中的假设，根据文献中报告的设备总成本的百分比，通过固定资本投资与年度总运营成本的总和来估算试点规模。通过净现值（NPV）方法对建设和运营三种不同类型的AC制造设施的拟议投资进行了调查。评估显示，与化学和物理化学过程相比，物理活化过程所需的固定资本投资（212万美元）和年度运营成本（153万美元）较低，分别具有固定资本投资总额（632万美元）和年度运营成本总额（257万美元） 。净现值结果报告说，对所有三个制造设施均评估了正净现值，并且与这些设施相关的拟议投资是可以接受的。与用ZnCl进行化学活化有关的最高生产成本 净现值结果报告说，对所有三个制造设施均评估了正净现值，并且与这些设施相关的拟议投资是可以接受的。与用ZnCl进行化学活化有关的最高生产成本 净现值结果报告说，对所有三个制造设施均评估了正净现值，并且与这些设施相关的拟议投资是可以接受的。与用ZnCl进行化学活化有关的最高生产成本₂在存在或不存在氧化气体的情况下，估计为每公斤AC 3.24美元，而蒸汽活化的最低生产成本为每公斤AC 2.72美元，不需要额外购买商品化学品。另一方面，考虑到其购买的化学药品价格高昂，使用氧化镁进行的浸渍改性估计最高的额外改性AC产品成本为$ 8.60 / kg AC。这些发现有助于在OPbAC生产的经济方面提供初步见解。©2020年化学工业协会和John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.