Aim: Global variation in animal colouration has inspired ecogeographical rules that suggest common patterns of recurrent adaptations to climate. However, little attention has been paid to the relative influence of the different climatic conditions encountered by species during their annual life cycle. We explored this question by testing whether breeding or non-breeding climatic conditions most influence plumage colouration in gulls, a cosmopolitan group of birds with extensive variation in plumage darkness and seasonal migratory strategies.

中文翻译：

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海鸥的羽毛着色对其非繁殖气候生态位做出反应

目标：动物颜色的全球变化激发了生态地理规则，这些规则表明了对气候的反复适应的常见模式。然而，很少关注物种在其年度生命周期中遇到的不同气候条件的相对影响。我们通过测试繁殖或非繁殖气候条件是否最能影响海鸥的羽毛颜色来探索这个问题，海鸥是一个世界性的鸟类群，在羽毛黑暗和季节性迁徙策略方面具有广泛的变化。