The variation of polar sea ice is an indicator of polar environmental change, which plays an important role in the study of regional and global climate change. In this paper, the latest sea ice data sets from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative were firstly combined to comprehensively analyze the spatial and temporal variation of Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice thickness (SIT) from 2002 to 2017. The results show that during this period, the SIC of the Kara Sea and the Barents Sea decreases the most significantly, reaching −1.11%·year⁻¹. The Arctic annual average sea ice extent (SIE) and sea ice area (SIA) exhibit noticeable decreasing trends, reaching −0.0592 × 10⁶ km·year⁻¹ and −0.0628 × 10⁶ km·year⁻¹, respectively. Both of Arctic SIE and SIA vary seasonally, and they reach the minimum values of 4.97 × 10⁶ km² and 3.96 × 10⁶ km² in September and the maximum values of 14.58 × 10⁶ km² and 13.35 × 10⁶ km² in March, respectively. Moreover, the Arctic SIE and SIA anomaly series from 2002 to 2017 were analyzed based on the linear regression method. It is found the most noticeable decreasing trends of the Arctic SIE and SIA are from July to October. The maximum variation of the SIE is −1.06 × 10⁶ km²(10a)⁻¹, and the maximum variation of the SIA is −1.09 × 10⁶ km²(10a)⁻¹. The Arctic SIE and SIA present the smallest decreasing trends from April to May, which are −0.19 × 10⁶ km²(10a)⁻¹ and −0.2 × 10⁶ km²(10a)⁻¹, respectively. The Arctic SIT also displays a pronounced decreasing trend with −0.015 m·year⁻¹ in autumn and −0.018 m·year⁻¹ in winter. The annual average SIT reaches a minimum of 1.28 m in 2013 and a maximum of 1.66 m in 2005. Particularly, the SIT of the Hudson Bay decreases the most significantly, reaching −0.051 m·year⁻¹. Finally, the Arctic average SIT was tested by the Mann‐Kendall method. It is found that the SIT has a sudden change in 2007, from a slight increase in 2003–2007 to a significant decrease in 2007–2017. Overall, the decreasing trend of the Arctic sea ice (both SIC and SIT) is significant in the past decade. These findings can contribute to future research on polar regions and global climate change.

中文翻译：

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2002年至2017年北极海冰的时空变化

极地海冰的变化是极地环境变化的指标，在​​研究区域和全球气候变化中起着重要作用。本文首先结合了欧洲航天局气候变化倡议的最新海冰数据集，以全面分析2002年至2017年北极海冰浓度（SIC）和海冰厚度（SIT）的时空变化。结果表明，在此期间，卡拉海和巴伦支海的SIC下降幅度最大，达到−1.11％·year ^-1。北极年平均海冰面积（SIE）和海冰面积（SIA）呈现出明显的下降趋势，分别为-0.0592×10 ⁶  km·年^-1和-0.0628×10 ⁶  km·年^-1。北极SIE和SIA均随季节变化，9月分别达到4.97×10 ⁶  km ²和3.96×10 ⁶  km ²的最小值，14.58×10 ⁶  km ²和13.35×10 ⁶  km ²的最大值。三月分别。此外，基于线性回归方法分析了2002年至2017年的北极SIE和SIA异常序列。发现北极SIE和SIA的下降趋势最明显的是从7月到10月。SIE的最大变化为−1.06×10 ⁶  km ²（10a）^-1，且SIA的最大变化为−1.09×10 ⁶  km ²（10a）^-1。北极SIE和SIA从4月到5月呈现最小的下降趋势，分别为-0.19×10 ⁶ km ²（10a）^-1和-0.2×10 ⁶  km ²（10a）^-1。北极SIT也显示明显的下降趋势与-0.015·M·年^-1秋-0.018·M·年^-1的冬天。年平均SIT在2013年达到最低1.28 m，在2005年达到最高1.66 m。特别是，哈德逊湾的SIT下降幅度最大，达到-0.051 m·year ^-1。最后，通过Mann-Kendall方法测试了北极平均SIT。结果发现，SIT在2007年发生了突然的变化，从2003-2007年的小幅上升到2007-2017年的大幅度下降。总体而言，在过去十年中，北极海冰（SIC和SIT）的下降趋势十分明显。这些发现可有助于对极地地区和全球气候变化的未来研究。